B2 cells Flashcards
what are living organisms made of
cells
what structures do both plant and animal cells have
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
what structures are unique to plant cells
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
- large permanent vacuole
function of nucleus
- contains cell’s DNA (genetic code)
- controls activities of cell
- controls cell division
function of cell wall
- provide shape & support to cell
- prevent cell from bursting when it absorbs water
function of cytoplasm
site of many chemical reactions that take place in cell
function of chloroplasts
- site of photosynthesis in cell
- may contain starch grains that act as food stores
function of vacuoles
- help cell stay rigid
- some substances can be stored in them
function of cell membrane
- control mvmt of substances in/out of cell
- partially permeable membrane allow some molecules to pass thru, while others cant
function of ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
what do ribosomes look like in a cell
little dark dots
function of mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration
- useful energy released when glucose broken down in presence of o2
how to see ribosomes?
- only electron microscope
- cannot see with light microscope
what microscope to use when observing mitochondria
- can see with light microscope
- complex structure only seen under electron microscope
what microscope to use when observing chloroplasts
- can see with light microscope
- complex structure only seen under electron microscope
structures in bacterial cell
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- ribosomes
- circular DNA
- plasmids
function of circular DNA (bacterial)
contains genetic material
function of plasmids
- small loops of DNA
- contains few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria
how are new cells produced
division of existing cells
function of ciliated cells
mvmt of mucus in trachea and bronchi
function of root hair cells
absorption
function of palisade mesophyll cells
photosynthesis
function of neurones
conduction of electrical impulses
function of red blood cells
transport of oxygen
function of sperm and egg cells
reproduction
define tissues
- group of cells with similar structures
- work tg to carry out shared function
define organs
- group of tissues
- work together to carry out specific functions
define organ systems
- group of organs with related functions
- work tg to carry out body functions
what is formula for magnification
magnification = image size / actual size
how to convert between mm and μm
1mm = 1000μm
