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new science > C7 acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

C7 acids, bases and salts Flashcards

1
Q

properties of acids

A
  • soluble in water
  • sour to taste
  • corrosive
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2
Q

properties of bases

A
  • metal oxides, carbonates, hydroxides
  • some soluble, called alkalis
  • soapy to touch
  • corrosive
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3
Q

colour of litmus in acid

A

red

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4
Q

colour of litmus in base

A

blue

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5
Q

colour of methyl orange in acid

A

red

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6
Q

colour of methyl orange in base

A

yellow

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7
Q

colour of universal indicator in acid

A

strong: red
weak: orange/yellow

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8
Q

colour of universal indicator in base

A

strong: purple
weak: blue

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9
Q

neutral colour of universal indicator

A

green

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10
Q

reaction between acid and alkali (word equation)

A

acid + alkali –> salt + water

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11
Q

will hydrochloric acid react with metals above or below hydrogen in reactivity series

A

above

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12
Q

metal + acid –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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13
Q

acid + base –>

A

salt + water

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14
Q

acid + carbonate –>

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

how is a basic oxide formed

A

when a metal reacts with oxygen

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16
Q

is CuO acidic or basic

A

basic

17
Q

is CaO acidic or basic

A

basic

18
Q

is Na2O acidic or basic

A

basic

19
Q

how is an acidic oxide formed

A

when a non-metal reacts with oxygen

20
Q

is SO2 acidic or basic

A

acidic

21
Q

is CO2 acidic or basic

A

acidic

22
Q

describe amphoteric oxides

A

oxides that react with acids and bases to produce a salt and water

23
Q

list amphoteric oxides

A

Al2O3
ZnO

24
Q

define salt

A
  • ionic compounds
  • made up of cations and anions
25
Q

how to prepare soluble salt by reaction of acid with excess metal/insoluble base/insoluble carbonate

A
  1. warm acid gently (speed reaction)
  2. add excess base to acid. ensure all acid neutralised
  3. filter to remove excess solid
  4. transfer to evaporating dish. evaporate until crystals begin to form
  5. leave to cool and filter to get crystals, then dry on filter paper
26
Q

define hydrated substance

A

substance that is chemically combined with water

27
Q

define anhydrous substance

A

substance containing no water

28
Q

how to prepare salt by reaction of acid with acid by titration

A
  1. place known volume of acid into conical flast
  2. add indicator
  3. add alkali to acid until indicator just changes colour
  4. record v of alkali added to acid
  5. repeat without indicator
  6. transfer to evaporating dish. heat to evaporate off some water until crystals form
  7. leave to cool, filter to get crystals, leave to dry on filter paper
29
Q

how to prepare insoluble salts

A
  • precipitation
  • 2 diff salts in solution mixed together
  • produce insoluble salt (ppt) and soluble salt

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