B5a: Skeletons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the advantages of an internal skeleton compared to an external skeleton(4)

A

provides internal framework for the body

grows with the rest of the body

flexible as it contains many joints

allows easy attachment of muscles

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2
Q

Describe cartilage and bones(3)

A

both are living tissues containing living cells

  • therefore are susceptible to infection by bacteria and viruses
  • are able to grow and repair themselves
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3
Q

Describe the structure of a long bone(2)

A

at each end there is a head covered with cartilage

consists of a long shaft containing bone marrow with blood vessels

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4
Q

Why are long bones that are hollow advantageous

A

Stronger and lighter than solid bones

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5
Q

Describe the development of the skeleton(3)

A

skeleton starts off as cartilage

cartilage is slowly replaced by the addition of calcium and phosphorus (ossification)

whether a person is still growing can be determined by the amount of cartilage present
(-if some cartilage remains between the head and shaft, the bone and the person is still growing)

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6
Q

Bones are _ but can still be broken by _

A

very strong, sharp knock

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7
Q

Why are elderly people more prone to fractures

A

The bones of elderlies lack calcium and phosphorus, which can result in osteoporosis, making them prone to fractures

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8
Q

Why can it be dangerous to move a person with a suspected fracture

A

Broken vertebrae in the backbone can damage the spinal chord, resulting in paralysis or death

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9
Q

Describe the structure of synovial joints

A

Contains synovial fluid, a synovial membrane, ligaments and cartilage

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10
Q

Describe the movement of a hinge joint

A

restricted to only an up and down movement

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11
Q

Describe the movement of a ball and socket joint

A

has a wider range of movement than a hinge joint - can rotate

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12
Q

Describe the function of synovial fluid

A

acts as a cushion against shock and a lubricant for easy movement

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13
Q

Describe the function of a synovial membrane

A

holds in the synovial fluid

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14
Q

Describe the function of cartilage

A

protects the bone head

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15
Q

Describe the function of ligaments

A

hold the bones in place

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16
Q

Describe how the biceps and triceps muscles operate(3)

A

they are antagonistic muscles which work together to bend or straighten the arm

  • to raise the forearm, biceps contracts and triceps relaxes
  • to lower the forearm, biceps relaxes and triceps contracts
17
Q

How is arm bending and straightening an example of a liver

A

elbow acts as a pivot(fulcrum)