B1a - fitness and health

Question 1

What does blood pressure measurements consist of

Answer 1

Diastolic(pressure in arteries when heart relaxes) and systolic(pressure in arteries when heart contracts) data in mmHg

Question 2

Describe the factors that increase blood pressure(4)

Answer 2

Being overweight

Stress

High alcohol intake

Smoking

Question 3

Describe the factors that decrease blood pressure(2)

Answer 3

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

Question 4

Explain the possible consequences of having high blood pressure(3)

Answer 4

Causes blood vessels to burst

• cause damage to the brain(stroke)
• cause damage to the kidneys

Question 5

Explain the possible consequences of having low blood pressure(4)

Answer 5

Reduced blood supply to the brain
-dizziness and fainting

Poor circulation
-less food and oxygen to tissues

Question 6

Explain the difference between fitness and health(2)

Answer 6

Fitness is the ability to do physical activity

Health is free from disease

Question 7

How can fitness be measured for different activities(5)

Answer 7

Strength - amount of weights lifted

Flexibility - amount of joint movement

Stamina - time of sustained exercise

Agility - changing direction many times

Speed - sprint race

Question 8

How can the general level of fitness be measured

Answer 8

Cardiovascular efficiency

Question 9

Explain how smoking increases blood pressure(2)

Answer 9

Carbon monoxide reduces the carrying capacity of red blood cells by combining with the haemoglobin, preventing it from combining with oxygen, so each red blood cell carries less oxygen, and heart rate increases to compensate

Nicotine increases heart rate

Question 10

Explain how diet can increase the risk of heart disease(3)

Answer 10

Liver makes cholesterol from saturated fat, leading to a build up of cholesterol (a plaque) in arteries

High levels of salt elevating blood pressure

High blood pressure increases risk of damage to arteries, plaques form, and heart diseases

Question 11

What is thrombosis

Answer 11

A blood clot

Question 12

Explain how narrowed coronary arteries, together with a thrombosis, increase the risk of a heart attack(4)

Answer 12

Coronary arteries supply blood to heart muscle

Narrow coronary arteries/thrombosis restricts blood flow to heart, heart muscle receives less oxygen

Thrombosis is a blood clot

Narrowed coronary arteries with thrombosis may block blood flow to the heart completely, which cuts off oxygen to heart muscle, leading to heart attack