B5-health And Disease Flashcards
What is health
Is a state of physical and mental well-being.health is not just an absence of disease
What are communicable diseases
Diseases that are infectious are called communicable diseases. This means that they can be transmitted from on person to another
Communicable diseases are caysed by pathogens such as vriuses and bacteria
What are non-ommunicable diseases
Diseases that cannot be transmitted from one person to another (e.g heart disease arthritis)
Three examples of factors that affect health
Diet- if you do not get enough to eat, right nutrients, you may suffer disease ranging from stravation to anaemia or rickets. Too much food or wrong food can lead to obesity, some cancers.
Stress- too much stress to an increased risk of developing a wide ranve of health problems, heart disease,cancers, mental health.
Life situations-gender,fanincial status,ethnic group
How are pathogens spread from person to person
Air-when you are ill,you expel droplets full of pathogens when you sneeze,cough or talk, other people then breathe these droplets in.
Direct contact-Common in plant diseases, tiny piece kf infected plant material left in a field can infect a entire new crop. In humans sexually transmitted infections such as syphillis and chlamydia are speead by direct contact of the skins. HIV eneter body through direct sexual contact,cuts,scratches, and needle punctures that give acces to blood
By water-Fungal spores carried in splashes of water often spread plant diseases. Humans, eating raw,undercooked,contaminated food or drinking water containing sewage can spread diseases such as diarrhoeal diseases,cholder,salmonellosis.
How does bacteria and viruses causes diseases
Bacteria divide rapdily by splitting in two (binary fission). Produce toxins thst affect ypur body and make you feel ill. Can directly damage cells.
Take over cells of your body. Live and reproduce inside the cells, damaging and destroying them.
How can we prevent diseases
Hygiene-,handwashing,using disinfectant on surfaces,keep raw meat away from uncooked meat,coughing/sneezing into a tissue
Isolating infected individuals-Infectious disease, especially Ebola pr cholera, person nees to be kept in isolation. The fewer healthy people who come in contact with person, less likely it is that pathogens will be passed on.
Destroying or controlling vectors-If vectors are destroyed, spread of disease can be prevented. By controlling number of vectors, the spread if disease can be grewtly reduced. Mosquiotes carry a range of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
Vaccination-Doctors introduce a small amount of harmless form of specific pathogen int your body. If you come in contact with live pathogen, you will not become ill as your immune system will be prepared. Successful for proetcting large amount of people and animals against diseases.
Ignaz semmelwwis
-was a Hungarian Physician who discovered the cause
of puerpal fever and introduced antisepsis into medical practice.
-noticed that medical students went sraight from dissecting a dead bldy to delivering baby without washing hands.
-he inisted medical students to wash their hands before delivering babies which caused fewer mothers to die from fever.
-he made whole clinic bleach wash their hands and cloths.
-resistance to Semmelweiss’ ideas meant that hand washing was not adopted quickly. Lack of devidenve about pathogens themselves. His ideas went against the scientific consensus of the time.
Other scientists
Louis pasteur-showed that microoorganisms caused disease. Helped developed vaccines such as anthrax and rabies
Joseph lister started to use antiseptic chemicals to destroy before thy caused infections in operating theatres
Measles-symptoms?How is it spread?streatment?
Symptoms-fever and red skin rash
Spread-inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneeze is very infectious
Treatment-no treatment for measles
VIRUS
HIV-symptoms?how does it leads to Aids?How is it spread?Treatment?
Symptoms-mid,flu like illness
Aids-attacks the immune system that can no longer deal with infections
Spread-direct sexual contact and the exchange of body fluids such as blood
Treatment-prevented by contraeception but no cure
VIRUS
TMV-what plants are affected? Whynis it called “mosaic”?spread?treatment?
Plants affected-tomato and tobacco plants
Mosaic pattern-Causes a distinctive mosaic pattern of discoloration on the leaves as the virus destroys the cells
Spread-Contact between diseased plant material and healthy plants and insects can act as vectors
Treatment-no treatment
Salomnella-what and where found?symptoms?how can be prevenetd?
What and where-Bacterianthat live in the guts of many different animals and they can be found in raw meat,poultry, eggs and egg products such as mayonnaise.
Symptoms-Fever,abdominal cramps, vomitting and diarrhoea are caused by bacteria and the toxins they secrete.
-Keep raw chicken away from food that is eaten uncooked, avoid washing raw chicken (it sprays bacteria sround the kitchen), wash hands and surfaces well after handling raw chicken and cook chicken thoroughly.
Gonorrhea-what is it?how is it spread?symptoms?treatment?
What-sexually transmitted disease
Spread-Spread by unproctected sexual contact with an infected person.
Symptoms-Early symptoms include thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis and pain on urination. Long term can cause pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancies.
Treatment-antibiotics
Preventing mircroorgainsms getting into our body
Skin-physical skin barrier prevents pathogens from enetering.Healthy skin is covered wuth microorganisms that help keep you healthy and act as an extra barrier to the entry of pathogens
Digestive system-Hydrochloric acid in stomach kills and destroy microorganisms in the mucus you swallow.
Respiratory system-Your nose is full of hair and produces sticky lquid called mucus. The hairs and mucus trap particles in the air that may contain pathogens that may irritate your lungs
