B6 Treating Diseases

Question 1

What are antiseptics

Answer 1

-chemicals that kill pathogens
-used on skin

Question 2

Painkillers

Answer 2

-reduce pain/symptoms
-do not treat infection

Question 3

Antibirals

Answer 3

-drugs that destroy viruses can be difficult to develop without damaging our cells

Question 4

Antibiotics

Answer 4

-specific antiobiotics are used to treat specific pathogens (though some are called ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’)
-can kill bacteria but not viruses

Question 5

Preventing diseases

Answer 5

Disinfecting surfaces
Antiseptics
Handwashing
PPE
Isolating infected individuals

Question 6

Vaccination

Answer 6

Vaccination involves injecting small amounts of dead or weakened pathogens into the body.
This stimulates white blood cells to produce antibodies.
White blood cells are able to remeber the pathogen. If the same pathogen enters the body again,white blood cells make antibodies very quickly to prevent infevtion

–when a pathogen neters the body (naturallybor during a vaccination), the lymphocyte with the correct antibodies (that match the antigens) is “selected”.-the lymphocute produces a lot of antibodies to neutralise the pathogen by binding to the antigens.-the selected lymphocyte remains as a “memory cell”,ready to release more antibodies if repeat infection occurs

Question 7

Herd immunity

Answer 7

This is due to most people being vaccinated
and the more vunerable people not being vaccinated so the disease dosen’t get passed around if the healthy, vaccinated people get contained with disease as lymphocytes will quickly kill the disease. This causes the disease to be contained as there is only afew people who are not vaccinated so are susceptible. Her immunity protects those who are not vaccinated.

Question 8

Difitalis

Answer 8

One of several drugs extracted from foxgloves. It has been used dinsce the 18th century to help strengthen the heartbeat

Question 9

Aspirin

Answer 9

It is a piankiller that originates from a compound found in the bark of willow trees. Tje anti-flammatory and pain-relieving properties were first recorded in 400BC. In 1987 it got synthesised acetyl salicylic acid, which not only relieves pain and inflammation bteer than willow bark but has fewer side affects

Question 10

Pencilin

Answer 10

Felming saw a lot of culture plates had mould growing on them and noticed clear ring in the jelly around some of ghe spots of mould and realised something had killed the bacteria covering the mould and realised something had killed the bacteria covering the gel. He called substance that killed bacteria ‘pencillin’. He tried unsuccessfully for several years tp extract an active juice from the mould before giving up. They gave some pencillin to a man dying of a blood infection amd he recovered.