3.3 And 3.4 Chemistry Of Food, Catalysts And Anzymes And 3.6

Question 1

Structure of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Made up of long chains of simple sugar units together

Question 2

Function of nutrient in carbohydrates

Answer 2

Sugar-to provide a fast release of energy
Starch-to provide a slow release of energy
Fibre-prevents constipation

Question 3

Which elemts make up this nutrient for carbohydrates

Answer 3

Carbon hdyrates are made up lf carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.
General formula-C6H12O6

Question 4

Where is the nutrient for carbohydrates digested

Answer 4

Sugar is broken down into glucose and fructose which are transported through the wall of small intestine and liber. Glucose and frcutose are absorbed relatively wuickly, it is the same with staarch but fibres isnt digested

Question 5

Name of the enzyme that digest the nutrient of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Amylase which is made in pancrease breaks down complex carbohydrates

Question 6

Examples of food where this nutrient in catbohydrates can be found

Answer 6

Bread,pasta,rice,spuds and cereal-complex carbohydrates

Fizzy drinks,sweets,choclate-simple carbohydrates

Question 7

Structure of nutrient for lipids

Answer 7

A glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids bonded together to make lipids

Question 8

Function of nutrient lipids

Answer 8

It stores in the hody and regulate hormones,transmit nerve impulses

Question 9

Which elements make up this nutrient for lipids

Answer 9

Lipids arme made of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen

Question 10

Where is the nutrient digested for lipids

Answer 10

Digested in small intestine

Question 11

Name of enzyme that digests lipids

Answer 11

Lipase enzymes in the body uses to break down fatty acids in food so they can be absorbed in intestines. Lipase produced in pancreas,mou5 and stomach

Question 12

Examples of fokd where lipids can be found

Answer 12

Butter,cheese and vegetable oil

Question 13

Sturcture of proteins

Answer 13

Long chains of amino acids

Question 14

Fucntion of protiens

Answer 14

The body breaks down consumtaed proteins and acids into smino scids and absorbes it. It is sued in muscles and organs, to make hormones and antibodies

Question 15

Which eleemntw make up lipids

Answer 15

Proteins contain carbon,hydorgen,pxygena nd nitrogen

Question 16

Where are proteins digested

Answer 16

In the stomach and small intestine

Question 17

Name of enzyme that digests proteins

Answer 17

Protease breakd down proteins in several regions f digestive system. Digestion by protease enzymes breakds down proteins into amino acids

Question 18

Examples of foods where proteins are found

Answer 18

Meat,fish,eggs,dairy,seeds and nuts

Question 19

What are enzymes

Answer 19

They are biological catylysts that speeds up the rate of reavtions

Question 20

Eznymes

Answer 20

-enzymes are present in mant
Y reavtions so that they can be controlled
They can both break upnlarge molecules and jojn small ones
-they are protein molecules and the shape of the eznyme is bital to its function
-this is because each enzyme has its own uniquely shaped active site where the substrate bunds onto

Question 21

How do enzymes work

Answer 21

Lock and key theory

-the substrate of the reaction to be cataylyzed fits into the active site of the enzyme.
-once it is in place the eznyme and subsrtate bind togther to form an enzyme-substarte complex
-the reaction takes place rapidly and products are released from the surface of the enzyme. The subtsrate splits into products
-the enzyme is ready to be used again

Question 22

Hwo do enzymes work in carbonydrates

Answer 22

Amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates in saliva in mouth into simple sugars so they can work in small intestine

Question 23

How do enzymes work in lipids

Answer 23

Lipase breakds down lipids into one molecule lf glycerol, and 3 fatty acids in small inestine

Question 24

How do enzymes work in portiens

Answer 24

Protease(pepsin) breaks down proteins in the stomach into amino acids

Question 25

Role of enzymes

Answer 25

Building large molecules from lots lf smaller ones-includes building starch,glycogen or cellulose from glucose-lipids from fatty acids-proteins from amino acids
Changing one molecule into another-includes changing simple sugars into another such as glucose ro fructose
-breaking down larnge molecules into smaller ones- breaking down carbohydrates,lipids and proteins into their constiuent molecules in digestion