3.3 And 3.4 Chemistry Of Food, Catalysts And Anzymes And 3.6 Flashcards
Structure of carbohydrates
Made up of long chains of simple sugar units together
Function of nutrient in carbohydrates
Sugar-to provide a fast release of energy
Starch-to provide a slow release of energy
Fibre-prevents constipation
Which elemts make up this nutrient for carbohydrates
Carbon hdyrates are made up lf carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.
General formula-C6H12O6
Where is the nutrient for carbohydrates digested
Sugar is broken down into glucose and fructose which are transported through the wall of small intestine and liber. Glucose and frcutose are absorbed relatively wuickly, it is the same with staarch but fibres isnt digested
Name of the enzyme that digest the nutrient of carbohydrates
Amylase which is made in pancrease breaks down complex carbohydrates
Examples of food where this nutrient in catbohydrates can be found
Bread,pasta,rice,spuds and cereal-complex carbohydrates
Fizzy drinks,sweets,choclate-simple carbohydrates
Structure of nutrient for lipids
A glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids bonded together to make lipids
Function of nutrient lipids
It stores in the hody and regulate hormones,transmit nerve impulses
Which elements make up this nutrient for lipids
Lipids arme made of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
Where is the nutrient digested for lipids
Digested in small intestine
Name of enzyme that digests lipids
Lipase enzymes in the body uses to break down fatty acids in food so they can be absorbed in intestines. Lipase produced in pancreas,mou5 and stomach
Examples of fokd where lipids can be found
Butter,cheese and vegetable oil
Sturcture of proteins
Long chains of amino acids
Fucntion of protiens
The body breaks down consumtaed proteins and acids into smino scids and absorbes it. It is sued in muscles and organs, to make hormones and antibodies
Which eleemntw make up lipids
Proteins contain carbon,hydorgen,pxygena nd nitrogen
Where are proteins digested
In the stomach and small intestine
Name of enzyme that digests proteins
Protease breakd down proteins in several regions f digestive system. Digestion by protease enzymes breakds down proteins into amino acids
Examples of foods where proteins are found
Meat,fish,eggs,dairy,seeds and nuts
What are enzymes
They are biological catylysts that speeds up the rate of reavtions
Eznymes
-enzymes are present in mant
Y reavtions so that they can be controlled
They can both break upnlarge molecules and jojn small ones
-they are protein molecules and the shape of the eznyme is bital to its function
-this is because each enzyme has its own uniquely shaped active site where the substrate bunds onto
How do enzymes work
Lock and key theory
-the substrate of the reaction to be cataylyzed fits into the active site of the enzyme.
-once it is in place the eznyme and subsrtate bind togther to form an enzyme-substarte complex
-the reaction takes place rapidly and products are released from the surface of the enzyme. The subtsrate splits into products
-the enzyme is ready to be used again
Hwo do enzymes work in carbonydrates
Amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates in saliva in mouth into simple sugars so they can work in small intestine
How do enzymes work in lipids
Lipase breakds down lipids into one molecule lf glycerol, and 3 fatty acids in small inestine
How do enzymes work in portiens
Protease(pepsin) breaks down proteins in the stomach into amino acids
Role of enzymes
Building large molecules from lots lf smaller ones-includes building starch,glycogen or cellulose from glucose-lipids from fatty acids-proteins from amino acids
Changing one molecule into another-includes changing simple sugars into another such as glucose ro fructose
-breaking down larnge molecules into smaller ones- breaking down carbohydrates,lipids and proteins into their constiuent molecules in digestion
