1.4 Cell Sepcelisation In Animals Cells

Question 1

What is cell diferentiation

Answer 1

-involves cell gaining new sub-cellular structures in order for it to be suited for its role
- can either differentiate once early or their whole life (stem cells)
-in animals, mostly differntiate once, but in plant cells retain the ability

Question 2

Sperm cells

Answer 2

-specialised to carry males DNa to egg cell (ovum) for successful reproduction
-streamlined head and long tailed to aid swimming
-many mitochondria which supply energy to allow cell to move
- acrosome (top of head) has digestive enzymes which break dien the outer layers of membrane of egg cell

Question 3

Nerve cells

Answer 3

-transmit electrical signal quickly from one place in body to another
-axon is long enabling impulses to be carried long distances
-lots of extensions from cell body (dendrites) means branched connections can form with other nerve cells
-nerve endings have many mitochondria which supply energy to make special transmitter chemicals called neurontransmitters which allow impulsed to be passed on from one cell to another.

Question 4

Muscle cells

Answer 4

-specialized to contract and relax quickly to move bones or simoly to squeeze causing movement
-special proteins (myosin and actin) slide over each other,causing muscle to contract
-lots of mitochondria to provide energy from respiration for contraction
-store a chemical called glycogen that used for respiration by mitochondria to transfer energy nneded for fibres to contract