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Biology > B5 - communicable diseases > Flashcards

B5 - communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What can make you more susceptible to disease

A

Weight, bad diet, taking substances etc

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2
Q

What is the difference between a communicable and non-communicable disease

A

Communicable can be spread between people, non communicable is genetic

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3
Q

What is a microorganism

A

An organism that can only be seen with a microscope

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4
Q

What is a pathogen

A

An organism that causes disease to it’s host

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5
Q

What things can be pathogens

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists

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6
Q

What is a bacteria

A

A single celled organism with no nucleus that can divide quickly

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7
Q

What is a virus

A

A regular shaped “organism” that reproduces when in another living cell

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8
Q

What is a fungus

A

A single celled organism like yeast or a multicellular organism like a mushroom

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9
Q

Why do all viruses cause disease

A

They have to invade a living cell in order to reproduce, and force the cell to stop its normal job to instead produce copies of the virus

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10
Q

Why can bacteria be pathogens

A

They can produce toxins

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11
Q

Why do we culture bacteria

A

To study them

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12
Q

Why do you need to be careful when studying bacteria

A

They could mutate and form a new dangerous pathogen

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13
Q

What kills bacteria

A

High temperatures, disinfectant, antiseptic, antibiotic

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14
Q

What is the zone of inhibition

A

The area where an antibiotic kills all bacteria

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15
Q

Who was Ignaz Semmelweiss

A

Doctor in 1800s who introduced hand washing in hospitals

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16
Q

How is malaria caused

A

A mosquito bites a human and releases malaria protists into their blood, which damage the liver and cause blood cells to help them reproduce, then when another mosquito bites the human they get the protist with the blood.

17
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Where white blood cells ingest microbes and kill them with enzymes

18
Q

How to antibodies work

A

A white blood cell releases them, and if they bump into the microbe they attach to the antigens (all enzymes), then release a chemical to attract other white blood cells to do phagocytosis on it.

19
Q

What are antitoxins

A

Chemicals which stop toxins from working

20
Q

Why do you get ill longer the first time you encounter a pathogen

A

Your body doesn’t know which antibodies attach to the pathogen’s antigens, but the next time you already have the antibodies in your blood so it is quicker to fight off

21
Q

What defences do plants have against disease

A

Cellulose cell wall, waxy cuticle, bark, hairiness

Biology (9 decks)

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