B1 - cell structure and transport

Question 1

What are the 5 organelles in an animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 2

What do ribosomes do

Answer 2

Protein synthesis to make proteins for enzymes

Question 3

What do mitochondria do

Answer 3

Respiration to produce energy for the cell

Question 4

What is an organelle

Answer 4

A subcellular structure with a specific function

Question 5

What 3 extra organelles do plant cells have

Answer 5

Vacuole, cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 6

What does the vacuole do

Answer 6

Chemical store that supports the cell (sap)

Question 7

What does the nucleus do

Answer 7

Contains DNA and controls the cell

Question 8

What does the cell membrane do

Answer 8

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 9

What does the cellulose cell wall do

Answer 9

Keeps the cell rigid and strong

Question 10

What do chloroplasts do

Answer 10

Photosynthesis for glucose

Question 11

What are the object and image in a microscope

Answer 11

The object is the real thing, the image is what you see down the microscope

Question 12

What are magnification and resolution

Answer 12

Magnification is how many times bigger the image is than the object, resolution is the ability to distinguish details

Question 13

What is the difference between light and electron microscopes

Answer 13

Light microscopes use light reflected and magnify it using convex lenses, electron microscopes shoot electrons at it and bend them with electromagnets to magnify the image

Question 14

Pros of light microscopes

Answer 14

Cheaper, portable, can use live specimens, colour

Question 15

Pros of electron microscopes

Answer 15

High resolution, high magnification, can be 2D or 3D

Question 16

Why are cells small

Answer 16

Smaller things have a higher surface area to volume ratio so the cell can have more surface area for diffusion per unit of volume

Question 17

What are the differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

Eukaryotic have a nucleus with a membrane, are bigger and more complex
Prokaryotic don’t have a nucleus but DNA is free moving in the cell, are smaller, always have a cell wall and can have flagella, pilli or slime capsules

Question 18

What is diffusion

Answer 18

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 19

What is equilibrium

Answer 19

Where the concentrations are equal across the whole area

Question 20

What is osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane

Question 21

What is a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 21

A membrane that only lets certain particles through, usually small particles like water

Question 22

What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic

Answer 22

Hypertonic - strong solution
Hypotonic - weak solution
Isotonic - equal concentration solution

Compared to surroundings

Question 23

What is active transport

Answer 23

The movement of particles against the concentration gradient. It uses energy.

Question 24

What will both types of cell do in a hypertonic solution

Answer 24

Animal cell will burst because water will diffuse in, plant cell with go turgid

Question 25

What will both types of cell do in a hypotonic solution

Answer 25

Animal cells will crenate because water diffuses out, plant cells will be plasmalysed