B13 - reproduction Flashcards
what is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction
asexual is a complete clone, no variation, sexual requires 2 parents but has variation
how does mitosis work
chromosomes in original cell replicate, then split down the middle into two identical daughter cells
how does meiosis work (detail)
chromosomes in original cell replicate, maternal and paternal pairs line up (ones from the original cells parents) down the middle, and some sections are swapped. Cell divides with one cell getting one chromosome pair and the other getting the other chromosome pair. they are not genetically identical. The cells divide again into 4 non identical daughter cells with half the chromosomes of the original, only 1 of each chromosome, not pairs.
what are the advantages of meiosis
variation
what do fungi do to reproduce
asexual and sexual reproduction. haploids? idk
life cycle of malaria
mosquito injects malaria into host, parasites go from bloodstream to liver and then mature and go back into blood where they reproduce and get sucked up by another mosquito.
what is the structure of DNA
sugar phosphate backbone, with nitrogenous bases (ATCG) in the middle connected by weak hydrogen bonds. double helix
what are the names of the bases in DNA and what do they pair with
Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
how does DNA code for a protein
every three bases codes for a specific amino acid
how does DNA transcription work
DNA is unzipped and RNA polymerase transcribes each base into an RNA base which then goes out of the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis as messenger RNA. In the ribosome the messenger RNA bonds to tRNA bonded to amino acids which break off and form a protein. check one note
what is gene expression
where genes are activated to make a protein, only happens to very few genes
what does a mutation do
usually nothing, may slightly change the shape of the protein and therefore the shape of the active site
what is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous
homozygous means two of the same allele, heterozygous means two different alleles
what is the difference between a genotype and phenotype
genotype is the alleles e.g. Bb, phenotype is the characteristic that you have e.g. brown eyes
what is genetic screening
checking for diseases on an embryo
