B3 - organisation and digestion

Question 1

What are the 6 nutrient groups

Answer 1

Protein, vitamins, minerals, lipids, carbohydrates, fibre

Question 2

What does fibre do

Answer 2

Indigestible but helps with digestion of other stuff

Question 3

What are the two types of carbohydrates and what are they made of

Answer 3

Simple sugars - one molecule, short term energy
Complex carbs - multiple, long term energy
Made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 4

What are lipids (fats and oils) made from

Answer 4

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 5

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 5

Saturated fats - all bonds used up, harder to break down
Unsaturated fats - some bonds not used up, easier to break down

Question 6

What are proteins made of

Answer 6

Amino acids in different combinations (amino acids are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)

Question 7

What are proteins used for and why

Answer 7

Enzymes, antibodies and DNA because each one forms a unique 3D shape

Question 8

What is the test for starch and colour change

Answer 8

Iodine, brown to blue

Question 9

What is the test for lipids and colour change

Answer 9

Ethanol, clear to milky white

Question 10

What is the test for glucose and colour change

Answer 10

Benedict’s, red to blue

Question 11

What is the test for protein and colour change

Answer 11

Biurets - blue to purple

Question 12

Why do we digest food

Answer 12

To turn it from large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 13

What type of digestion does the mouth do

Answer 13

Mechanical - chewing
Chemical - saliva contains carbohydrase

Question 14

What type of digestion does the stomach do

Answer 14

Mechanical - mashes food
Chemical - different types of enzymes

Question 15

What type of digestion does the small intestine do

Answer 15

Chemical - different types of enzymes

Question 16

What does the pancreas do for digestion

Answer 16

Produces enzymes

Question 17

What does the liver do for digestion

Answer 17

Bile duct produces bile to emulsify fats into smaller droplets

Question 18

What does the large intestine do for digestion

Answer 18

Extracts water from waste

Question 19

How do enzymes work

Answer 19

The shape of the active site fits into the substrate, and the bonds are weakened which catalyses the breaking down reaction.

Question 20

What is optimum temperature

Answer 20

The temperature at which an enzyme works best because it isn’t too hot to be denatured but is hot enough that it moves around fast and collides with substrates more often

Question 21

What is optimum PH

Answer 21

The PH at which an enzyme is not denatured

Question 22

What is carbohydrase and where is it produced

Answer 22

An enzyme that breaks down carbs into glucose, produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 23

What is amylase and where is it produced

Answer 23

An enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose, produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 24

What is protease and where is it produced

Answer 24

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids, produced in stomach, small intestine and pancreas

Question 25

What is lipase and where is it produced

Answer 25

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids, produced in pancreas and small intestine

Question 26

Why is the stomach PH2

Answer 26

So it’s enzymes are at optimum PH

Question 27

What does bile do

Answer 27

Emulsifies (breaks down) large droplets of fats into smaller ones with a higher surface area to volume ration so lipase works faster

Question 28

What are villi

Answer 28

Protrusions on the small intestine wall to increase surface area and allow more nutrients to diffuse into the bloodstream