B.4 - Poisonings related to cyanogenic and cardiac glycosides (mechanism of action, effects, symptoms)

Question 1

What are Cyanogenic Glycosides?

Answer 1

• Azotoids
• Metabolised by glycosidase enzymes
• Releases cyanogenic aglycones, which release HCN

Question 2

How does HCN affect the body?

(Mitochondria)

Answer 2

1. Inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase enzymes
2. Disrupts mitochondria
3. Histotoxic Hypoxia
4. Respiration stops

Question 3

How does HCN affect the body?

(RBCs)

Answer 3

1. HCN binds to Iron (II) ions in haemoglobin
2. Reduced oxygen transport
3. Death

Question 4

What are the symptoms of HCN poisoning?

Answer 4

• Cherry skin
• Pink Mucous Membranes
• Coma
• Spasms
• Death

Question 5

What are Cardiac Glycosides?

Answer 5

• Triterpenoids/Steroids
  
  • Cardenolides
  • Bufadienolides

Question 6

How to Cardiac Glycosides affect the body?

Answer 6

1. Inhibit Na⁺/K⁺ pumps
2. Increased Na⁺ insde cardiac muscle cells
3. Inhibits Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers
4. Ca²⁺ Increases in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
5. Faster & More powerful contaction of heart, lower Heart rate

Question 7

What are the symptoms of Cardiac Glycosides?

Answer 7

• Vomiting
• Tremours
• Cardiac Symptoms