A.17 - Mycetism: mushroom poisonings in humans

Question 1

What is Mycetism?

Answer 1

• Health Hazard
• Caused by Ingestion of Macrofungal Sporocarps
• Harmful to humans, not animals

Question 2

What are Mycotoxic poisonings divided into?

Answer 2

• Long Latency Period Poisonings
  
  • Phalloides Syndrome
  • Gyromitra Toxicity
• Short Latency Period Poisonings
  
  • Muscarinic Syndrome
  • Pantherina Syndrome
  • Psilocybin Syndrome
• Miscellaneous Poisonings
  
  • Paxillus Syndrome
  • Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Question 3

Phalloides syndrome

Answer 3

• White fool’s Mushroom, Destroying Angel
• Cyclopeptide poisoning
• Vomiting & Diarrhea, liver damage, death
• Treatment: Milk thistle, Chemotherapy

Question 4

Gyromitra Toxicity

Answer 4

• False Morels, Elfin Saddles
• 12 hour latency
• Liver damage, delirium, death by resp. failure

Question 5

Muscarinic Syndrome

Answer 5

• Fiber caps, Fool’s Funnel
• Contains Muscarine - Parasympathetic predominance
• Salivation, low heart rate, narrow pupils, death in high doses
• Treatment: Atropine Injection

Question 6

Pantherina Syndrome

Answer 6

• Panther Cap, Fly Agaric
• Muscimol
• Intoxicating effect, Personality disorders, motoric restlessness

Question 7

Psilocybin Syndrom

Answer 7

• False Death Cap, Magic Mushrooms
• Headache, Dizziness, Delirium
• Serotonin Antagonists

Question 8

Paxillus Syndrome

Answer 8

• Brown Roll-Rim Mushroom
• Immune response, Vomiting, Kidney Damage, Death
• Treatment: Blood transfusion/dialysis

Question 9

Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Answer 9

• Jack o’ Lantern, Sulphur Tuft
• Vomiting, Abdominal Cramps, Circulation disorders
• Treatment: Restore electrolyte balance