A.16 - Mycotoxicosis: human and animal poisonings of microfungi Flashcards
1
Q
Two thirds of fungi are…
A
Symbiotic
2
Q
What are metabolites used for in fungi?
A
- Protection from UV radiation
- Attract hyphae of opposite sex
3
Q
What can Terricolous fingi accumulate?
A
- Pb
- Cd
- Hg
- Insecticides
- Herbicides
4
Q
Give the most important mycotoxins
A
- Aflatoxins
- Ochratoxins
- Fumonisins
- Trichothecenes
- Zearalenon
- Rubratoxins
- Ergot Alkaloids
5
Q
What are Aflatoxins?
A
- Mutagens, Immunosuppressants
- Liver Damage
- From Aspergillus species
- Found on Fleshy Forages/Oil Plants
6
Q
Ochratoxins
A
- Nephrotoxins - Necrosis of renal tubules
- Immunosuppresants, carcinogen
- Aspergillus and Penicillium species
- Found on Pork fat, coffee, Rye
7
Q
Fumonisins
A
- Leucoencephalomalacia in horses
- Fumonisin B1 - Carcinogenic
- Disrupts sphigolipid metabolism
- Found on corn
8
Q
Trichothecenes
A
- Formed by Fusarium species
- Nivalenol, Vomitoxin
- Inhibit protein synthesis - affect ribosomes
- Found on grasses and cereals
9
Q
Zearalenon
A
- Formed by Fusarium Species
- Affects sexual maturation, enlarged genitals
- Pigs particularly sensitive
- Found on Grasses and Cereals
10
Q
Rubratoxins
A
- Produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus
- Liver and Kidney Damage, CNS Affected
- Found on Eggs, Dairy and Meat
11
Q
Ergot Alkaloids
A
- From Claviceps purpurea
- or Fescue Toxicosis
12
Q
Which toxins can affect animals when the host plant is consumed?
A
Phomopsins
Lolitrem B (Perennial rye grass)
Sporidesmin (Perennial rye grass)
