A.2 - Morphology and modifications Flashcards
Why are plants Eukaryotes?
The contain:
- Membrane bound nuclei
- Internal Compartments
What are cell walls made of?
Cellulose
Plant cells have internal…
Vacuoles
What are the roles of the plant root?
- Anchorage
- Water and Mineral uptake
- Transport and Storage
What kind of root is a fleshy forage?
Modified Taproots
Plant roots associated with beneficial fungi
Give the benefits
Mycorrhizal Roots
- Better phosphorus uptake
- Better assimilation rate
Give an example of a root which uses beneficial fungi
Rhizobium species in Fabaceae
What are Buds/Gemma?
Embryonic shoots that can be reproductive or vegetative
Good for forage
What is the function of the stem/shoots?
- Support Leaves and Flowers
- Transport
- Photosynthesis
- Storage
Can be woody of herbaceous
What is lignification?
Depositing of lignin, making the cell walls less digesable
Herbaceous-stemmed plants can be split into…
- Common Dicot System (Lateral branches and inconspicuous nodes)
- Grass Stem System (No Lateral branches and conspicuous nodes)
Describe the stem of seges
Spongy Interior
thus a low feeding value
Give the different types of modified stem
- Tendrills e.g Cucumber
- Thorns e.g Firethorn
- Runners e.g Strawberry
- Succulent e.g Cacti
Give examples of underground modified stems
- Rhizomes
- Stolons
- Bulbs
- Tubers
All usually act as starch stores
What is a cotyledon?
The Seed leaf
important source of nutrients
What are cataphylls?
The scales on underground stems
What are Hypsophylls?
Floral bracts protecting the inflorescence / acting as pollinator attractants
What are the commonly seen leaves of plants called?
Foliage leaves
Give the different divisions of leaves
- Undivided
- Palmately divided
- Pinnately divided
What kind of leaf division is shown?
Pinnately Divided
What kind of leaf division is shown?
Palmately divided
Give the different depths of division for leaves
- Into lobed
- Cleft
- Parted
- Divided
Dependent on division depth
Where dissimilar leaves are found on one plant
Heterophylly
What are the different types of leave margin?
- Entire
- Dentate
- Serate
- Crenate
- Sinuate
What is a compound type leaf?
Where the leaf is divided into leaflets
Seen in Fabaceae
The number of leaves per node determines if the leaf is…
- Spiral
- Opposide
- Whorled
