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Botany Theory > A.11 - The major groups of azotoids > Flashcards

A.11 - The major groups of azotoids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the varieties of Azotoid?

A
  • Universal Azotoids
  • Simple Specific Azotoids
  • Cyanogenic Compounds
  • Glucosinolates
  • Alkaloids
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2
Q

What are the major groups of Simple Specific Azotoids?

A
  • Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids
  • Biogenic Amines and Amides
  • Protoalkaloids
  • Purine Alkaloids
  • Pyrimidine
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3
Q

What are cyanogenic compounds?

A
  • Plant Defence Mechanism
  • Glycosidase enzymes - Release HCN on plant injury
  • Amygdalin, Prunasin, Linamarin
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4
Q

What are Glucosinolates?

A
  • Found in Brassicaceae
  • Hydrolysis produces Isothiocyanates
  • Distrupts Thyroid Function
  • Sinalbin, Sinigrin
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5
Q

What is a ‘true alkaloid’?

A

If an alkaloid is derived from amino acids

Con.:Pseudoalkaloid

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6
Q

Collectively, Alkaloids have the ability to…

A
  • Paralyse the CNS
  • Cause Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation
  • Affect Blood Pressure
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7
Q

List 4 True Alkaloids

A
  • Tropane Alkaloids
  • Quinolisadine Alkaloids
  • Pyridine Alkaloids
  • Piperidine Alkaloids
  • Isoquinoline Alkaloids
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8
Q

What are Tropane Alkaloids?

A
  • Found in: Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae
  • Atropine, Scopolamine
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9
Q

How do Tropane Alkaloids Affect the body?

A
  • Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors
  • Antagonises Acetylecholine
  • Promotes Sympathetic Predominance
  • Dry Mouth, Mydriasis, Tachycardia
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10
Q

What are Quinolisidine Alkoloids?

A
  • Fabaceae Family
  • Antibacterial, Antifungal
  • Acetylcholine Agonists
  • Cytisine, Lupinine
  • Causes Crooked Calf Disease
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11
Q

What are Piperidine Alkaloids?

A
  • Largest Group of alkaloids: Conium
    • Absorbed through skin and mucous membranes
    • PNS competetive inhibitors of nicotinic receptors
    • Causes paralysis and death
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12
Q

What are Pyridine Alkaloids?

A
  • Natural Insecticides and Respiratory Stimulants
  • Agonist of Nicotinic Cholinergin receptors
  • Nicotine, Anabasine
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13
Q

What are Isoquinoline Alkaloids?

A
  • Antispasmodic, Antibilious and Cytotoxic Effects
  • Chelidonine, Sanguinarine
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14
Q

Give examples of Pseudoalkaloids

A
  • Diterpenoid Alkaloids
  • Triterpenoid Alkaloids
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15
Q

What are Diterpenoid Alkaloids?

A
  • Affects ion channels
  • CNS or Cardiac Effects
  • Taxines, Aconitine
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16
Q

What are Triterpenoid Alkaloids?

A
  • Permanently open soidum ion channels
  • Cause paralysis
  • Solanine, Veratridine

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