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CP Test 2 > B4-093 Lungs, Mechanism of Breathing, Mediastinum > Flashcards

B4-093 Lungs, Mechanism of Breathing, Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

the sternal angle projects back to

A

T4-T5

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2
Q

the caval opening in the central tendon of the diaphragm is in line with

A

T8

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3
Q

the esophageal opening in the diaphragm is in line with

A

T10

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4
Q

the aortic diatus of the diaphragm is in line with

A

T12

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5
Q
A

A. SVC
B. right atrium
C. IVC
D. aortic arch
E. left ventricle

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6
Q

groove for the horizontal fissure lies in

A

right lung

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7
Q

the lingula lies in the

A

left lung

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8
Q

keel-like septum at the bifurcation of the trachea

A

carina

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9
Q

loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

hooks around right subclavian artery

A

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

drains into the subclavian vein

A

internal thoracic

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12
Q

the azygous drains into the

A

superior vena cava

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13
Q

the diaphragm […] during inspiration, and […] during expiration

A

contracts; relaxes

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14
Q

when the diaphragm contracts, it

A

flattens

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15
Q

the main role of all the intercostals during all phases of respiration is

A

maintaining spacing and rigidity

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16
Q

maintain intercostal spaces during inspiration

A

external intercostals

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17
Q

maintain intercostal spaces during expiration

A

internal and innermost

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18
Q

the ribs elevate during

A

inspiration

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19
Q

carries parasympathetic nerve fibers

A

vagus

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20
Q
  • thoracic duct
  • esophagus
  • descending aorta
  • azygous system

are found where?

A

posterior mediastinum

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21
Q

the thymus is found in the […] mediastinum

A

anterior

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22
Q

flow of lymph through the bronchopulmonary lymphatic plexus

A
  1. pulmonary lymph nodes
  2. bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
  3. tracheobronchial lymph nodes
  4. bronchomediastinal lymph trucks
  5. right: right lymphatic duct; left: thoracic duct
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23
Q

which bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical?

A

right main

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24
Q

aspirated bodies are most likely to become lodged in the

2

A
  1. right main bronchus
  2. right inferior lobar bronchus
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25
Q

small ridge at inferior end of the trachea that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi

A

carina

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26
Q

mucosal covering is highly sensitive, contact by an aspirated object stimulates the cough reflex

A

carina

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27
Q

bronchus that is longer, more narrow, more horizontal

A

left main bronchus

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28
Q

turns superiorly from the end of the main bronchus to enter the superior lobe

A

right superior bronchus

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29
Q

what does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

A

contracts, flattens, and lowers

30
Q

fibrous tissue attached to C7

A

suprapleural membrane

31
Q

what does the sternum do during inspiration?

A

moves anteriorly and upward

32
Q

what do the ribs do during respiration?

A

maintain distance, move as a unit

33
Q

what do the abdominal muscles do during inspiration?

A

relax to accomodate rise in intra abdominal pressure

34
Q

travels between azygous vein, aorta, and esophagus in the posterior mediastinum

A

thoracic duct

35
Q

penetration of the pleural cavity results in

A

pneumothorax

36
Q

the parietal pleura is innervated by

A

somatic afferent fibers

37
Q

the costal pleura is innervated by

A

intercostal nerves

38
Q

the diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by

A

phrenic nerves

39
Q

mediastinal pleura is innervated by

A

phrenic nerve

40
Q

lateral thoracic pain would be caused by what nerve?

A

intercostal

41
Q

left sided neck and shoulder pain would be caused by what nerve?

A

phrenic

42
Q

passes anterior to the hilum of each lung

A

phrenic nerve

43
Q

passes posterior to hilum of each lung

A

vagus

44
Q

best heard at right midclavicular line at the level of fifth intercostal space

A

middle lobe of right lung

45
Q

inferior lobes of the lung are best heard

A

posteriorly

46
Q

superior lobes of the lungs are best heard

A

anteriorly

47
Q

aortic arch aneuryms is likely to compress

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

48
Q

compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve causes

A

hoarse voice

49
Q

what do these findings suggest?

  • swelling of right side of face, neck and upper limb
  • engorged right jugular vein
  • weak right radial pulse
A

mass in upper lobe of left lung

blocks venous and lymphatic return

50
Q

a thoracic duct blockage may result in swelling of

A

lower limbs

51
Q

passes posterior to the root of each lung

A

vagus nerve

52
Q

passes anterior to the root of each lung

A

phrenic

53
Q

descending aortoa and hemiazygous are located in the

A

posterior mediastinum

54
Q

the IVC is located in which section of the mediastinum?

A

middle

55
Q

this structure is against the esophagus as it passes through the posterior mediastinum

A

left atrium

56
Q

enlargment of what structure would cause indentation and posterior displacement of the esophagus

A

left atrium

57
Q

if CXR shows collapsed lung and mediastinal shift…

A

tension pneumothorax

58
Q

lung cancer in the apex of the lung compresses the

A

cervical lymphatic trunk
stellate ganglion

Horner’s

59
Q

symptoms of Horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

60
Q

the horizontal fissure separates the

A

superior and middle lobes of right lung

61
Q

location of middle lobe of right lung

A

right 4th rib, costal cartilage of anterior chest wall

62
Q

the oblique fissure separates the

A

lower lobe from the superior and middle lobes of right lung

63
Q

extends from T2 posterior to 6th costal cartilage anterior

A

oblique fissure

64
Q

loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

A

left recurrent laryngeal

65
Q

damage to the phrenic nerve would cause

A

hemidiaphragm paralysis

66
Q

during inspiration, the affected side of the diaphragm will raise, and the intact side will depress

paradoxical movement

A

hemidiaphragm paralysis

67
Q

compression of the sympathetic chain results in

A

Horner’s syndrome

68
Q

lowest part of pleural space

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

69
Q

follows curvature of 6th rib

A

oblique fissure

70
Q

lies at the level of the 4th to 6th costal cartilages in left lung

A

cardiac notch

71
Q

located posterios to the sternum where the costal pleura is in contact with the mediastinal pleural

A

costomediastinal recess

CP Test 2 (16 decks)

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