B4-093 Lungs, Mechanism of Breathing, Mediastinum Flashcards
the sternal angle projects back to
T4-T5
the caval opening in the central tendon of the diaphragm is in line with
T8
the esophageal opening in the diaphragm is in line with
T10
the aortic diatus of the diaphragm is in line with
T12
A. SVC
B. right atrium
C. IVC
D. aortic arch
E. left ventricle
groove for the horizontal fissure lies in
right lung
the lingula lies in the
left lung
keel-like septum at the bifurcation of the trachea
carina
loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
hooks around right subclavian artery
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
drains into the subclavian vein
internal thoracic
the azygous drains into the
superior vena cava
the diaphragm […] during inspiration, and […] during expiration
contracts; relaxes
when the diaphragm contracts, it
flattens
the main role of all the intercostals during all phases of respiration is
maintaining spacing and rigidity
maintain intercostal spaces during inspiration
external intercostals
maintain intercostal spaces during expiration
internal and innermost
the ribs elevate during
inspiration
carries parasympathetic nerve fibers
vagus
- thoracic duct
- esophagus
- descending aorta
- azygous system
are found where?
posterior mediastinum
the thymus is found in the […] mediastinum
anterior
flow of lymph through the bronchopulmonary lymphatic plexus
- pulmonary lymph nodes
- bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
- tracheobronchial lymph nodes
- bronchomediastinal lymph trucks
- right: right lymphatic duct; left: thoracic duct
which bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical?
right main
aspirated bodies are most likely to become lodged in the
2
- right main bronchus
- right inferior lobar bronchus
small ridge at inferior end of the trachea that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi
carina
mucosal covering is highly sensitive, contact by an aspirated object stimulates the cough reflex
carina
bronchus that is longer, more narrow, more horizontal
left main bronchus
turns superiorly from the end of the main bronchus to enter the superior lobe
right superior bronchus
what does the diaphragm do during inspiration?
contracts, flattens, and lowers
fibrous tissue attached to C7
suprapleural membrane
what does the sternum do during inspiration?
moves anteriorly and upward
what do the ribs do during respiration?
maintain distance, move as a unit
what do the abdominal muscles do during inspiration?
relax to accomodate rise in intra abdominal pressure
travels between azygous vein, aorta, and esophagus in the posterior mediastinum
thoracic duct
penetration of the pleural cavity results in
pneumothorax
the parietal pleura is innervated by
somatic afferent fibers
the costal pleura is innervated by
intercostal nerves
the diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by
phrenic nerves
mediastinal pleura is innervated by
phrenic nerve
lateral thoracic pain would be caused by what nerve?
intercostal
left sided neck and shoulder pain would be caused by what nerve?
phrenic
passes anterior to the hilum of each lung
phrenic nerve
passes posterior to hilum of each lung
vagus
best heard at right midclavicular line at the level of fifth intercostal space
middle lobe of right lung
inferior lobes of the lung are best heard
posteriorly
superior lobes of the lungs are best heard
anteriorly
aortic arch aneuryms is likely to compress
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve causes
hoarse voice
what do these findings suggest?
- swelling of right side of face, neck and upper limb
- engorged right jugular vein
- weak right radial pulse
mass in upper lobe of left lung
blocks venous and lymphatic return
a thoracic duct blockage may result in swelling of
lower limbs
passes posterior to the root of each lung
vagus nerve
passes anterior to the root of each lung
phrenic
descending aortoa and hemiazygous are located in the
posterior mediastinum
the IVC is located in which section of the mediastinum?
middle
this structure is against the esophagus as it passes through the posterior mediastinum
left atrium
enlargment of what structure would cause indentation and posterior displacement of the esophagus
left atrium
if CXR shows collapsed lung and mediastinal shift…
tension pneumothorax
lung cancer in the apex of the lung compresses the
cervical lymphatic trunk
stellate ganglion
Horner’s
symptoms of Horner’s syndrome
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
the horizontal fissure separates the
superior and middle lobes of right lung
location of middle lobe of right lung
right 4th rib, costal cartilage of anterior chest wall
the oblique fissure separates the
lower lobe from the superior and middle lobes of right lung
extends from T2 posterior to 6th costal cartilage anterior
oblique fissure
loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum
left recurrent laryngeal
damage to the phrenic nerve would cause
hemidiaphragm paralysis
during inspiration, the affected side of the diaphragm will raise, and the intact side will depress
paradoxical movement
hemidiaphragm paralysis
compression of the sympathetic chain results in
Horner’s syndrome
lowest part of pleural space
costodiaphragmatic recess
follows curvature of 6th rib
oblique fissure
lies at the level of the 4th to 6th costal cartilages in left lung
cardiac notch
located posterios to the sternum where the costal pleura is in contact with the mediastinal pleural
costomediastinal recess
