B4-064 Microregional Blood Flow Flashcards
in the lungs, hypoxia causes
vasocontriction
in the alveoli, hypoxia causes vasoconstriction so that only […] are perfused
well ventilated areas
low oxygen in skeletal muscle results in the production of
vasodilators
CO2, H+, adenosine, lactate, K+
CHALK
precapillary spinchters in muscles […] during excercise
open
ascites is due to
increased capillary pressure in the intestines
causes decreased plasma proteins
liver damage
cirrhosis […] hepatic vascular resistance
increases
slows blood flow out of portal vein through liver
hepatic vascular resistance
net filtration force equation
(capillary pressure- interstitial pressure) - (oncotic pressure gradient)
during exercise, blood flow to the brain […]
remains constant
increases everywhere else
autoregulation: as MAP increases
resistance to blood flow increases
increased inotropic state leads to […] oxygen utilization in the heart
increased
edema can be caused by:
4
- increased capillary pressure
- increased capillary permeability
- increased interstitial fluid oncotic pressure
- decreased plasma proteins
- when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic pressure, the arteries begin to […]
- when the cuff is removed, the arteries […]
- dilate
- constrict
following reactive hyperemia, blood flow is […] for a short period of time
increased
following reactive hyperemia, capillary pressure is […] due to increased blood flow
increased
in reactive hyperemia, is there increase in ROS?
no
no microvascular inflammation
following reactive hyperemia, levels of metabolic vasodilators in the interstital fluid will […]
decrease to normal levels
lower levels of NO result in increased
adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells in post-capillary venules
how do increased levels of ROS effect NO and endothelin-1?
decrease NO
increase endothelin-1
lower NO and increased endothelin-1 result in
increased TPR
constriction of systemic arteries
increased leukocyte adherence cause […] vascular permeability
increased
increased ROS cause damage to endothelial cells which
increases vascular permeability
impaired function of autonomic nerves would limit
CO
during exercise, skeletal arterioles dilate causing
decreased TPR
decreased MAP
reactive hyperemia: removal of the cuff results in
increased blood flow to arm for short period of time
during reactive hyperemia, arteriolar vascular smooth muscle
relaxes
when the cuff is removed, arteriolar vascular smooth muscle will
constrict
while the cuff is inflated, arterioles dilate. This allows for what when the cuff is removed?
lower vascular resistance –> increased blood flow
does increased leukocyte adherence happen in reactive hyperemia?
no
no increase in ROS
in reperfusion injury, vascular permeability is increased via
leukocyte adherence to vessels
leukocyte adherence to post capillary venules […] the volume of the interstitial space
increases
increased plasma proteins will increase
plasma oncotic pressure
increased oncotic pressure will increase
the rate of reabsorption of fluid from the interstitial space
decreased capillary pressure would result in […] filtration into the interstitial space
decreased
how to low O2 levels effect the pulmonary arterioles?
constrict
increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries would increase
afterload to RV
how would increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries affect ESV?
increased
Low O2 in the lungs will […] pulmonary arterioles
constrict
low O2 levels […] pulmonary vascular resistance
increase
increased pulmonary vascular resistance results in […] rate of runoff
decreased
