B4-064 Microregional Blood Flow

Question 1

in the lungs, hypoxia causes

Answer 1

vasocontriction

Question 2

in the alveoli, hypoxia causes vasoconstriction so that only […] are perfused

Answer 2

well ventilated areas

Question 3

low oxygen in skeletal muscle results in the production of

Answer 3

vasodilators
CO2, H+, adenosine, lactate, K+

CHALK

Question 4

precapillary spinchters in muscles […] during excercise

Answer 4

open

Question 5

ascites is due to

Answer 5

increased capillary pressure in the intestines

Question 6

causes decreased plasma proteins

Answer 6

liver damage

Question 7

cirrhosis […] hepatic vascular resistance

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

slows blood flow out of portal vein through liver

Answer 8

hepatic vascular resistance

Question 9

net filtration force equation

Answer 9

(capillary pressure- interstitial pressure) - (oncotic pressure gradient)

Question 10

during exercise, blood flow to the brain […]

Answer 10

remains constant

increases everywhere else

Question 11

autoregulation: as MAP increases

Answer 11

resistance to blood flow increases

Question 12

increased inotropic state leads to […] oxygen utilization in the heart

Answer 12

increased

Question 13

edema can be caused by:

4

Answer 13

• increased capillary pressure
• increased capillary permeability
• increased interstitial fluid oncotic pressure
• decreased plasma proteins

Question 14

1. when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above systolic pressure, the arteries begin to […]
2. when the cuff is removed, the arteries […]

Answer 14

1. dilate
2. constrict

Question 15

following reactive hyperemia, blood flow is […] for a short period of time

Answer 15

increased

Question 16

following reactive hyperemia, capillary pressure is […] due to increased blood flow

Answer 16

increased

Question 17

in reactive hyperemia, is there increase in ROS?

Answer 17

no

no microvascular inflammation

Question 18

following reactive hyperemia, levels of metabolic vasodilators in the interstital fluid will […]

Answer 18

decrease to normal levels

Question 19

lower levels of NO result in increased

Answer 19

adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells in post-capillary venules

Question 20

how do increased levels of ROS effect NO and endothelin-1?

Answer 20

decrease NO
increase endothelin-1

Question 21

lower NO and increased endothelin-1 result in

Answer 21

increased TPR

constriction of systemic arteries

Question 22

increased leukocyte adherence cause […] vascular permeability

Answer 22

increased

Question 23

increased ROS cause damage to endothelial cells which

Answer 23

increases vascular permeability

Question 24

impaired function of autonomic nerves would limit

Answer 24

CO

Question 25

during exercise, skeletal arterioles dilate causing

Answer 25

decreased TPR
decreased MAP

Question 26

reactive hyperemia: removal of the cuff results in

Answer 26

increased blood flow to arm for short period of time

Question 27

during reactive hyperemia, arteriolar vascular smooth muscle

Answer 27

relaxes

Question 28

when the cuff is removed, arteriolar vascular smooth muscle will

Answer 28

constrict

Question 29

while the cuff is inflated, arterioles dilate. This allows for what when the cuff is removed?

Answer 29

lower vascular resistance –> increased blood flow

Question 30

does increased leukocyte adherence happen in reactive hyperemia?

Answer 30

no

no increase in ROS

Question 31

in reperfusion injury, vascular permeability is increased via

Answer 31

leukocyte adherence to vessels

Question 32

leukocyte adherence to post capillary venules […] the volume of the interstitial space

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

increased plasma proteins will increase

Answer 33

plasma oncotic pressure

Question 34

increased oncotic pressure will increase

Answer 34

the rate of reabsorption of fluid from the interstitial space

Question 35

decreased capillary pressure would result in […] filtration into the interstitial space

Answer 35

decreased

Question 36

how to low O2 levels effect the pulmonary arterioles?

Answer 36

constrict

Question 37

increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries would increase

Answer 37

afterload to RV

Question 38

how would increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries affect ESV?

Answer 38

increased

Question 39

Low O2 in the lungs will […] pulmonary arterioles

Answer 39

constrict

Question 40

low O2 levels […] pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 40

increase

Question 41

increased pulmonary vascular resistance results in […] rate of runoff

Answer 41

decreased