Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Test 2 > B4-041 Hypertension > Flashcards

B4-041 Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

laterally displaced PMI may indicate

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

high QRS voltage
ST depressions in lateral leads

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LVH is compensatory to overcome

A

increased afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LVH leads to

A
  1. distolic heart failure
  2. perfusion mismatch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does an abdominal bruit 5 cm left of umbilicus signify?

A

renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does renal artery stenosis cause hypertension?

A
  1. fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic plaque build up cause decreased renal perfusion
  2. kidney increases arterial pressure through RAAS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

if patient has dyslipidemia, assess […] risk

A

ASCVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

greater than 200/120

or end organ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypertensive urgency

A

SBP > 180 or DBP > 120

without end organ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symptoms of end organ damage

A
  • headache
  • papilledema
  • renal failure
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • encephalopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

130-139/80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

greater than 140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hypertension is diagnosed by

A

2 readings on at least 2 occasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

every 20 mmHg of SBP or 10mmHg of DBP

A

doubles risk of death from stroke or CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

systolic BP correlates with

A

SV and arterial compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diastolic BP correlates with

A

TPR and HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

95% of cases are […] hypertension

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[…] hypertension has no defineable cause

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if a patient is <40,

A

likely CO issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if patient is older,

A

TPR issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes of secondary hypertension

A
  • renal parenchyma damage
  • renovascular disease
  • pheochromocytoma
  • endothelial cell dysfunction
  • hyperaldosteronism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

damage impairs ability to excrete Na+ and H20

A

renal parenchyma damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

renal parenchyma damage results in

A

increased blood volume

increased preload, SV, CO, and MAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

elderly patient, historically well controlled BP worsening, escalating medications

A

renovascular htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

triggers RAAS system

A

renovascular htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • headaches
  • sustained vs. paroxysmal meteoric BP
  • diaphoretic
A

pheochromocytoma

27
Q

release of NE and EPI causes HTN from increased CO and TPR

A

pheochromocytoma

28
Q

HTN + spontaenous or easily provoked hypokalemia with diuretic

A

hyperaldosteronism

29
Q

if you have a patient with:
HTN with OSA
HTN with a fib

think…

A

hyperaldosteronism

30
Q

how does baroreceptor dysfunction impact HTN treatment?

A

baroreceptors will perceive hypotension, when in reality patient is normotensive due to chronic baseline elevation of MAP

31
Q

very first treatment strategy for HTN

A

lifestyle changes

32
Q
  • decrease TPR via relaxation of arteriolar vascular smooth muscle
  • decrease CO by reducing venous return through relaxation of veins
A

alpha 1 antagonists

33
Q

reduce CO by decreasing HR and inotropic state

A

beta blockers

34
Q

end in -pril

A

ACE inhibitors

35
Q

end in -sartan

A

ARBs

36
Q

preferred treatment of primary aldosteronism

A
  • spironolactone
  • eplerenone
37
Q

preferred in HFrEF

A

carvedilol

38
Q

not first line therapy, except in CAD and HFrEF

A

beta blockers

39
Q

associated with orthostatic hypotension

A

alpha-1 blockers

40
Q

increase risk of hyperkalemia in CKD

A

ACE inhibitors and ARBs

41
Q

cause edema

A

dihydropyridine CCBs

amlodopine

42
Q

treatment: stage 1 HTN

A

monotherapy

43
Q

treatment: stage 2 HTN

A

2 first line agents

44
Q

DOC without contraindication

A
  • thiazides
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARB
  • CCB
  • beta blocker
45
Q

DOC if patient has DM or CHF

A
  • ACE inhibitor
  • ARB
46
Q

DOC patient with BPH

A

alpha blocker

47
Q

DOC patient with osteoporosis

A

thiazide

hypercalcemia

48
Q

DOC if pregnant

A
  • labetalol
  • CCB
  • hydralazine (co-admin beta blocker for reflex tachy)
49
Q

if ASCVD is greater than 7.5%…

A

statin

50
Q

initial first line therapy for stage 1 hypertension

A
  • thiazide
  • CCBs
  • ACE/ARBs
51
Q

function of endothelin-1

A

increase TPR

can cause hypertension

52
Q

hypertension drug classes contraindicated in pregnancy

A
  • aliskiren
  • ACE
  • ARBs
53
Q

can cause injury and death to developing fetus in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

A

ACE inhibitors

54
Q

hypertension due to adrenal tumor which is releasing high levels of aldosterone

A

conn’s syndrome

55
Q

plasma renin markedly elevated

A

renovascular hypertension

56
Q

low amplitude, long duration T wave

A

hypokalemia

57
Q

high levels of aldosterone promote

A

sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

causing hypokalemia

58
Q

elevated plasma aldosterone will increase

A

blood volume –> increased venous return –> increased CO –>hypertension

59
Q

left ventricular hypertrophy suggests MAP

A

has been chronically elevated

60
Q

abdominal bruit

A

renovascular hypertension

61
Q

caused by plaque in renal artery

A

renovascular hypertension

62
Q

decreased renal blood flow causes

A

renin release –> angiotensin 2–> increased TPR

63
Q

causes increased renin, angiotensin, and aldosteron

A

decreased renal blood flow

64
Q

how does left ventricular hypertrophy affect the pressure volume curve?

A

shift up and to the left

CP Test 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions