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BACTERIOLOGY > B2.4 VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCUS > Flashcards

B2.4 VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCUS Flashcards

1
Q

VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI also known as

A

α-prime streptococci

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2
Q

lack Lancefield group antigens

A

VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI

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3
Q

Viridans streptococci are normal microbiota of the

A

upper respiratory tract, the female genital tract, and the gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

Viridans streptococci manner of gas usage

A

fastidious, with some strains requiring CO2 for growth

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5
Q

Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of

A

SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SBE)

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6
Q

Viridans streptococci MOT

A

gain access to sterile site; most notably results from dental manipulations

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7
Q

S. mitis group spp

A

S. mitis,
S. sanguis,
S. parasanguis,
S. gordonii,
S. cristatus,
S. infantis,
S. oralis and
S. peroris

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8
Q

S. mutans group spp

A

S. mutans and
S. sobrinus

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9
Q

S. salivarius group spp.

A

S. salivarius,
S. vestibularis and
S. thermophilus

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10
Q

S. bovis group spp.

A

S. equinus,
S. gallolyticus,
S. infantarius, and
S. alactolyticus

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11
Q

S. anginosus group spp.

A

S. anginosus,
S. constellatus, and
S. intermedius

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12
Q

can possess Lancefield group A, C, F, G, or N
antigen and in some instances may not be groupable

A

S. anginosus group

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13
Q

possess the group D antigen

A

S. bovis group and the enterococci

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14
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS of Viridans streptococci

A

Polysaccharide Capsule and Cytolysin

Extracellular Dextran and Adhesin (cell
surface–associated proteins)

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15
Q

Virulence factor identified in some members of anginosus group

A

Polysaccharide Capsule and Cytolysin

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16
Q

Virulence factor that contributes to the adherence and colonization of these organisms in endocarditis (viridans streptococci)

A

Extracellular Dextran and Adhesin (cell
surface–associated proteins)

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17
Q

*LOW VIRULENCE Viridans streptococci

A

oropharyngeal commensals and
opportunistic pathogens

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18
Q

RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with Viridans streptococci

A

Subacute Bacterial Endocartitis
Dental Carries(plaque)
Fulminant cardiovascular collapse or meningitis
Gingivitis
Sinusitis
Cellulitis and Wound Infection
Abscesses, osteomyelitis, and empyema
Biliary or Intra-abdominal infections

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19
Q

Viridans streptococci are the Major etiologic agent of

A

Subacute Bacterial Endocartitis

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20
Q

Major etiologic agent of Dental Carries(plaque) is

A

S. mutans

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21
Q

 abscess formation in the oropharynx, brain, and peritoneal cavity is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. anginosus group

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22
Q

 bacterial endocarditis in native valves and prosthetic valve infections is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. mitis group

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23
Q

Etiologic agent of pharyngitis

A

S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis

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24
Q

 bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. salivarius

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25
Q

bacteremia, septicemia, and endocarditis is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. bovis group

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26
Q

presence of this spp has high correlation with gastrointestinal carcinoma

A

S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus

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27
Q

primary contributor to dental caries and also associated with bacteremia
Most commonly isolated spp. of viridans streptococci

A

S. mutans

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28
Q

Specimen of choice for Viridans streptococci

A

Blood, Gingival Scrappings, Pus Secretions

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29
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS methods for Viridans streptococci

A
  1. Culture Medium
  2. Biochemical Test
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30
Q

Culture media used for Viridans Streptococci

A

BAP

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31
Q

BAP result for Viridans streptococci

A

small and are surrounded by a zone of α-hemolysis; some isolates are β-hemolytic or nonhemolytic

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32
Q

S. anginosus in pure culture or in high concentration observation or results

A

sweet odor of honeysuckle or butterscotch

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33
Q

Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol
Sorbital
Voges-Proskauer
Hydrolysis or Arginine
Hydrolysis of Esculin
Urease
Hemolytic Pattern

Anginosus group

A

Mannitol = [-/v]
Sorbital = [-]
Voges-Proskauer = [+]
Hydrolysis or Arginine = [+]
Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+]
Urease = [-]
Hemolytic Pattern = a, B, Non

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34
Q

Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol
Sorbital
Voges-Proskauer
Hydrolysis or Arginine
Hydrolysis of Esculin
Urease
Hemolytic Pattern

Bovis group

A

Mannitol = [v]
Sorbital = [-]
Voges-Proskauer = [+]
Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-]
Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+]
Urease = [-]
Hemolytic Pattern = a, Non

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35
Q

Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol
Sorbital
Voges-Proskauer
Hydrolysis or Arginine
Hydrolysis of Esculin
Urease
Hemolytic Pattern

Mitis group

A

Mannitol = [-]
Sorbital = [-/v]
Voges-Proskauer = [-]
Hydrolysis or Arginine = [v]
Hydrolysis of Esculin = [v]
Urease = [-]
Hemolytic Pattern = a

36
Q

Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol
Sorbital
Voges-Proskauer
Hydrolysis or Arginine
Hydrolysis of Esculin
Urease
Hemolytic Pattern

Mutans group

A

Mannitol = [+]
Sorbital = [+]
Voges-Proskauer = [+]
Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-]
Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+]
Urease = [-]
Hemolytic Pattern = a, B, Non

37
Q

Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol
Sorbital
Voges-Proskauer
Hydrolysis or Arginine
Hydrolysis of Esculin
Urease
Hemolytic Pattern

Salvarius group

A

Mannitol = [-]
Sorbital = [-]
Voges-Proskauer = [+/v]
Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-]
Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+/v]
Urease = [+/v]
Hemolytic Pattern = a

38
Q

Biochemical Test for Viridans Streptococci

A

a.Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test
b. Voges-Proskauer Test
c. β-D-Glucuronidase

39
Q

Test where peptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds adjacent to a free amino group are used to detect Viridans Streptococci

A

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test

40
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test substrate used for Viridans Streptococci

A

Leucine-β-naphthylamide

41
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test end product for Viridans Streptococci

A

β-naphthylamine

42
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test reagent used for Viridans Streptococci

A

Paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde(DMACA)

43
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for positive result color

44
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for positive result indicates presence of what spp

A

Viridans Streptococci,
Streptococcus pyogenes,
Streptococcus agalactiae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Enterococcus, and
Pediococcus

45
Q

Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for negative result indicates presence of what spp

A

Aerococcus and Leuconostoc spp

46
Q

distinguish test for small-colony–forming β-hemolytic anginosus group containing groups A or C antigens from large-colony–forming
pyogenic strains

Viridans streptococci

A

Voges-Proskauer Test

47
Q

Positive Vogees-Proskauer Test indicates presence of what spp,

A

S. anginosus,
S. bovis, and
S. mutans groups

48
Q

Test that detects action of β-D-glucuronidase

A

β-D-Glucuronidase

49
Q

β-D-Glucuronidase positive test result indicates presence of what type of Viridans Streptococci

A

Large-colony–forming β-hemolytic groups C and G streptococci

50
Q

β-D-Glucuronidase negative test result indicates presence of what type of Viridans Streptococci

A

Small-colony–forming β-hemolytic anginosus group

51
Q

All members of Viridans Streptococci are negative, and positive in what Biochemical test

A

PYR (-) and LAP (+)

52
Q

Diagnostic tests for S. bovis group (Group D Streptococci)

A

a. Bile Esculin Test
b. Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl
c. PYR Test
d. Penicillin Test

53
Q

Bile Esculin Test Reagent used for GDS

A

Esculin and 40% Bile Salt

54
Q

Bile Esculin Test Positive result color

A

Blackening of the agar

55
Q

Bile Esculin Test Positive result indicates presence of what spp

A

Group D streptococci and Enterococcus spp

56
Q

Bile Esculin Test Negative result indicates presence of what spp

A

S. pyogenes and Viridans Streptococci

57
Q

Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl test for Viridans Streptococci positive result indicates presence of what spp,

A

(+): Enterococci

58
Q

Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl test for Viridans Streptococci negative result indicates presence of what spp,

A

(-): Non-enterococci = S. bovis

59
Q

PYR test for Viridans Streptococci positive result indicates presence of what spp,

A

(+): Enterococcus

60
Q

PYR test for Viridans Streptococci negative result indicates presence of what spp,

A

(-): S. bovis

61
Q

Viridans Streptococci spp susceptible to Penicillin test

62
Q

previously classified as group D streptococci
all species produce the cell wall–associated group D antigen
most are nonhemolytic or α-hemolytic, some are βhemolytic
not highly pathogenic but frequent causes of
nosocomial infection

A

ENTEROCOCCUS

63
Q

ENTEROCOCCUS are natural inhabitants of

A

intestinal tracts of humans
and animals

64
Q

ENTEROCOCCUS has the ability to grow in what conditions

A

under extreme conditions—presence of
bile or 6.5% NaCl or at 45° C or alkaline pH

65
Q

ENTEROCOCCUS spp.

A

E. faecalis,
E. faecium,
E, avium,
E. gallinarum,
E. durans,
E. raffinosus

66
Q

ENTEROCOCCUS VIRULENCE FACTORS

A

can grow in extreme conditions
resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents

67
Q

E. faecalis
Virulence factors

A

 Extracellular surface adhesin proteins, extracellular serine protease, and gelatinase

Cytolysin

68
Q

Virulence factor of E. faecalis that aids in the colonization and adherence of this spp to heart valves and renal epithelial cells

A

Extracellular surface adhesin proteins, extracellular serine protease, and
gelatinase

69
Q

 two-subunit toxin
similar to bacteriocins produced by gram (+)
bacteria and is expressed by a quorumsensing mechanism

Virulence factor of E. faecalis

70
Q

RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with ENTEROCOCCUS

A

a. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
b. Endocarditis
c. Bacteremia
d. Intraabdominal or Pelvic Wound Infection
e. CNS and Respiratory Tract infections 

71
Q

most common RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with Enterococcus

A

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

72
Q

Common infections and diseases caused by Enterococcus found in elderly patients with prosthetic valves or valvular heart disease

A

Endocarditis

73
Q

Rare infection and disease caused by Enterococcus

A

CNS and Respiratory Tract infections

74
Q

Specimen of choice for diagnosing Enterococcus

A

Blood, Urine, or Wound

75
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS methods for Enterococcus

A
  1. Culture Medium
  2. Biochemical Test
  3. MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS
  4. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
76
Q

Culture Medium used for Enterococcus

A

TSB or BHI with 5% sheep blood

77
Q

Culture environment needed for Enterococcus

A

Grow well at 35° C in the presence of CO2

78
Q

Selective media used for Enterococcus contaminated specimens

A

Bile Esculin azide,
CAN,
PEA,
Cephalexin-Aztreonam-Arabinose Agar

79
Q

Enterococcus Spp identified by its ability to grow in the presence of TELLURITE

A

E. faecalis

80
Q

Enterococcus are identified through culture medium based on their

A
  1. Ability to produce acid in carbohydrate broth
  2. Ability to hydrolyze arginine
  3. Tolerance of 0.04% tellurite
  4. Utilization of pyruvate
  5. Ability to produce acid from methyl-α-Dglucopyranoside
  6. Growth around 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk
  7. Motility
81
Q

Biochemical Test used for identification of Enterococcus spp.

A

a. Bile Esculin Test
b. PYR test
c. LAP test
d. Growth in 6.5% NaCl
e. Acid Production
f. Penicillin
g. Vancomycin
h. 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk

82
Q

Biochemical Test result for Enterococcus spp.

A

a. Bile Esculin Test (+)
b. PYR test (+)
c. LAP test (+)
d. Growth in 6.5% NaCl (+)
e. Acid Production (+)
f. Penicillin = Resistant
g. Vancomycin = Resistant
h. 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk = Resistant

83
Q

During acid production biochemical test for Enterococcus, what should we utilize

A

acid producing carbohydrates
and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside

84
Q

Enterococcus spp that requires cyanocobalamin as growth factor

A

E. faecalis

85
Q

Other organisms that utilizes Bile Esculin (+) and 6.5% NaCl

A

Leuconostoc,
Pediococcus,
Globicatella,
S. urinalis and
Lactococcus

86
Q

MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS for Enterococcus identification

A

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Contour-clamped homogeneous electric-field electrophoresis
Ribotyping
PCR-based typing methods

87
Q

Enterococcus are resistant to what antimicrobials

A

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and glycopeptides

Vancomycin-resistant

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