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BACTERIOLOGY > B2.4 VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCUS > Flashcards

B2.4 VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCUS Flashcards

1
Q

VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI also known as

A

α-prime streptococci

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2
Q

lack Lancefield group antigens

A

VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI

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3
Q

Viridans streptococci are normal microbiota of the

A

upper respiratory tract, the female genital tract, and the gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

Viridans streptococci manner of gas usage

A

fastidious, with some strains requiring CO2 for growth

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5
Q

Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of

A

SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SBE)

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6
Q

Viridans streptococci MOT

A

gain access to sterile site; most notably results from dental manipulations

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7
Q

S. mitis group spp

A

S. mitis,
S. sanguis,
S. parasanguis,
S. gordonii,
S. cristatus,
S. infantis,
S. oralis and
S. peroris

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8
Q

S. mutans group spp

A

S. mutans and
S. sobrinus

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9
Q

S. salivarius group spp.

A

S. salivarius,
S. vestibularis and
S. thermophilus

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10
Q

S. bovis group spp.

A

S. equinus,
S. gallolyticus,
S. infantarius, and
S. alactolyticus

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11
Q

S. anginosus group spp.

A

S. anginosus,
S. constellatus, and
S. intermedius

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12
Q

can possess Lancefield group A, C, F, G, or N
antigen and in some instances may not be groupable

A

S. anginosus group

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13
Q

possess the group D antigen

A

S. bovis group and the enterococci

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14
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS of Viridans streptococci

A

Polysaccharide Capsule and Cytolysin

Extracellular Dextran and Adhesin (cell
surface–associated proteins)

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15
Q

Virulence factor identified in some members of anginosus group

A

Polysaccharide Capsule and Cytolysin

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16
Q

Virulence factor that contributes to the adherence and colonization of these organisms in endocarditis (viridans streptococci)

A

Extracellular Dextran and Adhesin (cell
surface–associated proteins)

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17
Q

*LOW VIRULENCE Viridans streptococci

A

oropharyngeal commensals and
opportunistic pathogens

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18
Q

RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with Viridans streptococci

A

Subacute Bacterial Endocartitis
Dental Carries(plaque)
Fulminant cardiovascular collapse or meningitis
Gingivitis
Sinusitis
Cellulitis and Wound Infection
Abscesses, osteomyelitis, and empyema
Biliary or Intra-abdominal infections

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19
Q

Viridans streptococci are the Major etiologic agent of

A

Subacute Bacterial Endocartitis

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20
Q

Major etiologic agent of Dental Carries(plaque) is

A

S. mutans

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21
Q

 abscess formation in the oropharynx, brain, and peritoneal cavity is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. anginosus group

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22
Q

 bacterial endocarditis in native valves and prosthetic valve infections is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. mitis group

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23
Q

Etiologic agent of pharyngitis

A

S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis

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24
Q

 bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci

A

S. salivarius

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25
bacteremia, septicemia, and endocarditis is caused by what group of Viridans streptococci
S. bovis group
26
presence of this spp has high correlation with gastrointestinal carcinoma
S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus
27
primary contributor to dental caries and also associated with bacteremia Most commonly isolated spp. of viridans streptococci
S. mutans
28
Specimen of choice for Viridans streptococci
Blood, Gingival Scrappings, Pus Secretions
29
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS methods for Viridans streptococci
1. Culture Medium 2. Biochemical Test
30
Culture media used for Viridans Streptococci
BAP
31
BAP result for Viridans streptococci
small and are surrounded by a zone of α-hemolysis; some isolates are β-hemolytic or nonhemolytic
32
S. anginosus in pure culture or in high concentration observation or results
sweet odor of honeysuckle or butterscotch
33
Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol Sorbital Voges-Proskauer Hydrolysis or Arginine Hydrolysis of Esculin Urease Hemolytic Pattern Anginosus group
Mannitol = [-/v] Sorbital = [-] Voges-Proskauer = [+] Hydrolysis or Arginine = [+] Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+] Urease = [-] Hemolytic Pattern = a, B, Non
34
Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol Sorbital Voges-Proskauer Hydrolysis or Arginine Hydrolysis of Esculin Urease Hemolytic Pattern Bovis group
Mannitol = [v] Sorbital = [-] Voges-Proskauer = [+] Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-] Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+] Urease = [-] Hemolytic Pattern = a, Non
35
Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol Sorbital Voges-Proskauer Hydrolysis or Arginine Hydrolysis of Esculin Urease Hemolytic Pattern Mitis group
Mannitol = [-] Sorbital = [-/v] Voges-Proskauer = [-] Hydrolysis or Arginine = [v] Hydrolysis of Esculin = [v] Urease = [-] Hemolytic Pattern = a
36
Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol Sorbital Voges-Proskauer Hydrolysis or Arginine Hydrolysis of Esculin Urease Hemolytic Pattern Mutans group
Mannitol = [+] Sorbital = [+] Voges-Proskauer = [+] Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-] Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+] Urease = [-] Hemolytic Pattern = a, B, Non
37
Characteristic of Viridan Streptococci with Mannitol Sorbital Voges-Proskauer Hydrolysis or Arginine Hydrolysis of Esculin Urease Hemolytic Pattern Salvarius group
Mannitol = [-] Sorbital = [-] Voges-Proskauer = [+/v] Hydrolysis or Arginine = [-] Hydrolysis of Esculin = [+/v] Urease = [+/v] Hemolytic Pattern = a
38
Biochemical Test for Viridans Streptococci
a.Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test b. Voges-Proskauer Test c. β-D-Glucuronidase
39
Test where peptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds adjacent to a free amino group are used to detect Viridans Streptococci
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test
40
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test substrate used for Viridans Streptococci
Leucine-β-naphthylamide
41
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test end product for Viridans Streptococci
β-naphthylamine
42
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test reagent used for Viridans Streptococci
Paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde(DMACA)
43
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for positive result color
Red color
44
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for positive result indicates presence of what spp
Viridans Streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus
45
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test result for negative result indicates presence of what spp
Aerococcus and Leuconostoc spp
46
distinguish test for small-colony–forming β-hemolytic anginosus group containing groups A or C antigens from large-colony–forming pyogenic strains Viridans streptococci
Voges-Proskauer Test
47
Positive Vogees-Proskauer Test indicates presence of what spp,
S. anginosus, S. bovis, and S. mutans groups
48
Test that detects action of β-D-glucuronidase
β-D-Glucuronidase
49
β-D-Glucuronidase positive test result indicates presence of what type of Viridans Streptococci
Large-colony–forming β-hemolytic groups C and G streptococci
50
β-D-Glucuronidase negative test result indicates presence of what type of Viridans Streptococci
Small-colony–forming β-hemolytic anginosus group
51
All members of Viridans Streptococci are negative, and positive in what Biochemical test
PYR (-) and LAP (+)
52
Diagnostic tests for S. bovis group (Group D Streptococci)
a. Bile Esculin Test b. Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl c. PYR Test d. Penicillin Test
53
Bile Esculin Test Reagent used for GDS
Esculin and 40% Bile Salt
54
Bile Esculin Test Positive result color
Blackening of the agar
55
Bile Esculin Test Positive result indicates presence of what spp
Group D streptococci and Enterococcus spp
56
Bile Esculin Test Negative result indicates presence of what spp
S. pyogenes and Viridans Streptococci
57
Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl test for Viridans Streptococci positive result indicates presence of what spp,
(+): Enterococci
58
Salt Tolerance = 6.5% NaCl test for Viridans Streptococci negative result indicates presence of what spp,
(-): Non-enterococci = S. bovis
59
PYR test for Viridans Streptococci positive result indicates presence of what spp,
(+): Enterococcus
60
PYR test for Viridans Streptococci negative result indicates presence of what spp,
(-): S. bovis
61
Viridans Streptococci spp susceptible to Penicillin test
S. bovis
62
previously classified as group D streptococci all species produce the cell wall–associated group D antigen most are nonhemolytic or α-hemolytic, some are βhemolytic not highly pathogenic but frequent causes of nosocomial infection
ENTEROCOCCUS
63
ENTEROCOCCUS are natural inhabitants of
intestinal tracts of humans and animals
64
ENTEROCOCCUS has the ability to grow in what conditions
under extreme conditions—presence of bile or 6.5% NaCl or at 45° C or alkaline pH
65
ENTEROCOCCUS spp.
E. faecalis, E. faecium, E, avium, E. gallinarum, E. durans, E. raffinosus
66
ENTEROCOCCUS VIRULENCE FACTORS
can grow in extreme conditions resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents
67
E. faecalis Virulence factors
 Extracellular surface adhesin proteins, extracellular serine protease, and gelatinase Cytolysin
68
Virulence factor of E. faecalis that aids in the colonization and adherence of this spp to heart valves and renal epithelial cells
Extracellular surface adhesin proteins, extracellular serine protease, and gelatinase
69
 two-subunit toxin similar to bacteriocins produced by gram (+) bacteria and is expressed by a quorumsensing mechanism Virulence factor of E. faecalis
Cytolysin
70
RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with ENTEROCOCCUS
a. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) b. Endocarditis c. Bacteremia d. Intraabdominal or Pelvic Wound Infection e. CNS and Respiratory Tract infections 
71
most common RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with Enterococcus
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
72
Common infections and diseases caused by Enterococcus found in elderly patients with prosthetic valves or valvular heart disease
Endocarditis
73
Rare infection and disease caused by Enterococcus
CNS and Respiratory Tract infections
74
Specimen of choice for diagnosing Enterococcus
Blood, Urine, or Wound
75
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS methods for Enterococcus
1. Culture Medium 2. Biochemical Test 3. MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS 4. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
76
Culture Medium used for Enterococcus
TSB or BHI with 5% sheep blood
77
Culture environment needed for Enterococcus
Grow well at 35° C in the presence of CO2
78
Selective media used for Enterococcus contaminated specimens
Bile Esculin azide, CAN, PEA, Cephalexin-Aztreonam-Arabinose Agar
79
Enterococcus Spp identified by its ability to grow in the presence of TELLURITE
E. faecalis
80
Enterococcus are identified through culture medium based on their
1. Ability to produce acid in carbohydrate broth 2. Ability to hydrolyze arginine 3. Tolerance of 0.04% tellurite 4. Utilization of pyruvate 5. Ability to produce acid from methyl-α-Dglucopyranoside 6. Growth around 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk 7. Motility
81
Biochemical Test used for identification of Enterococcus spp.
a. Bile Esculin Test b. PYR test c. LAP test d. Growth in 6.5% NaCl e. Acid Production f. Penicillin g. Vancomycin h. 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk
82
Biochemical Test result for Enterococcus spp.
a. Bile Esculin Test (+) b. PYR test (+) c. LAP test (+) d. Growth in 6.5% NaCl (+) e. Acid Production (+) f. Penicillin = Resistant g. Vancomycin = Resistant h. 100-μg efrotomycin acid disk = Resistant
83
During acid production biochemical test for Enterococcus, what should we utilize
acid producing carbohydrates and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside
84
Enterococcus spp that requires cyanocobalamin as growth factor
E. faecalis
85
Other organisms that utilizes Bile Esculin (+) and 6.5% NaCl
Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Globicatella, S. urinalis and Lactococcus
86
MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS for Enterococcus identification
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Contour-clamped homogeneous electric-field electrophoresis Ribotyping PCR-based typing methods
87
Enterococcus are resistant to what antimicrobials
Intrinsic or acquired resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and glycopeptides Vancomycin-resistant

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