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BACTERIOLOGY > 7.4 HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS - TRANSMISSION > Flashcards

7.4 HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS - TRANSMISSION Flashcards

1
Q

✓Most pathogen are acquired from

A

external sources

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2
Q

Pathogens usually exit the infected patient most frequently from the

A

respiratory tract and gastrointestinal
tract

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3
Q

transmission to the new host usually occurs via

A

airborne respiratory droplets or fecal contamination of food and water

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4
Q

Four (4) important portals of entry for pathogenic organisms

A

GIT, GUT, respiratory tract, integumentary system

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5
Q

Mucous membranes of the GIT, GUT, repiratory tract and conjunctiva

DISEASES

A

conjunctivitis, trachoma, ophthalmia
neonatorum

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6
Q

punctures, injections, bites, cuts, wounds, surgery, and splitting of the skin or mucus membrane due to swelling or drying

A

✓Parenteral route

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7
Q

some organisms have many portals of entry

A

(Yersinia and B. anthracis)

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8
Q

ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION

A
  1. Airborne Transmission
  2. Transmission by Food and Water
  3. Close Contact
  4. Cuts and Bites
  5. Arthropods
  6. Zoonoses
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9
Q

Respiratory Spread
→ common
→aerosolized by coughing, sneezing, and talking

A

Airborne Transmission

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10
Q

—inhalation of infectious particles in liquid droplet dxs

A

TB,
Brucellosis,
Tularemia,
Legionellosis and
Plague

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11
Q

→residue from the evaporation of fluid from larger droplets and are light enough to remain airborne for long periods

A

Droplet Nuclei

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12
Q

→infection occurs via the fecal-oral route

A

Transmission by Food and Water

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13
Q

Transmission by Food and Water spp

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Vibrio cholera

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14
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli is the common cause of

A

TRAVELER’S DIARRHEA

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15
Q

→enterotoxin that causes the outpouring of fluid from the cells into the lumen of the intestine

A

Vibrio cholera

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16
Q

Preformed toxins [spp] [fecal oral route]

A

Clostridium botulinum,
Bacillus cereus, and
S. aureus

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17
Q

→passage of organisms by salivary, skin, and genital contact

A

Close Contact

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18
Q

→infection by the mouth flora

A

Cuts and Bites

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19
Q

→dog-bite and cat-bite infections

A

Pasteurella multocida

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20
Q

→tick, flea, or mite bite

A

Arthropods

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21
Q

Arthropods dxs

A

→relapsing fever,
plague,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
Lyme disease,
typhus

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22
Q

→depends on contact with animals or animal products
→arthropod vectors (plague), contact with secretions (brucellosis), and contact with animal carcasses and products (tularemia, listeriosis)

A

Zoonoses

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23
Q

Respiratory Tract pathogens

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitides
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bordetella pertussis
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella enteric
Vibrio cholera
Brucella spp

24
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae disease

A

Pneumonia

25
Q

Neisseria meningitides disease

A

Meningitis
(meningococcemia)

26
Q

Haemophilus influenzae disease

A

Meningitis

27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease

A

Tuberculosis

28
Q

Bordetella pertussis disease

A

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

29
Q

Salmonella typhi disease

A

Typhoid fever

30
Q

Salmonella enteric disease

A

Salmonellosis

31
Q

Vibrio cholera disease

A

choera

32
Q

Brucella spp. disease

A

Brucellosis (Undulant
fever)

33
Q

Skin (Integumentary System), Parenteral pathogens

A

Clostridium perfringens
Rickettsia rickettsii

34
Q

Clostridium perfringens disease

A

Gas gangrene

35
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii disease

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever

36
Q

Numbers of Invading Microbes

A

✓ID50
✓LD50

37
Q

→compare relative virulence under experimental conditions; it is not an absolute value

A

✓ID50 (Infectious Dose for 50% of a sample population)

38
Q

→potency of a toxin

A

✓LD50 (Lethal Dose for 50% of a sample population)

39
Q

✓ID50 B. anthracis Cutaneous

A

10-50 endospores

40
Q

✓ID50 B. anthracis Inhalation

A

10k-20k endospores

41
Q

✓ID50 B. anthracis Gastrointestinal

A

250k-1M endospores

42
Q

✓ID50 V. cholerae

A

108 cells (decreased upon neutralization of stomach acidity or administration of bicarbonates)

43
Q

LD50 Botulinum toxin

A

0.03 ng/kg

44
Q

LD50 Shiga toxin

A

250 ng/kg

45
Q

LD50 Staphylococcal enterotoxin

A

1350 ng/kg

46
Q

Host-microorganism interactions path

A

Encounter and entry
Colonization and entry
Invasion and dissemination
Outcome

47
Q

Corresponding infection-disease stages

A

Incubation stage
Prodromal stage
Clinical stage
Stage of decline
Convalescent stage

48
Q

Pathogen encounters and colonizes host surface

A

Encounter and entry

49
Q

Pathogen multiplies and breaches host surface defenses

A

Colonization and entry

50
Q

Pathogen invades deeper tissues and disseminates, encounters inflammatory and immune responses

A

Invasion and dissemination

51
Q

Pathogen completes cycle by [outcomes]

A

Leaves host
Destroys host
Remains in latent state
Is destroyed by host

52
Q

[stage] No signs or symptoms

A

Incubation stage

53
Q

[stage] First signs and symptoms, pathogen may be highly communicable

A

Prodromal stage

54
Q

[stage] Peak of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection or disease

A

Clinical stage

55
Q

[stage] Condition of host deteriorates possibly to death or signs and symptoms begin to subside as host condition improves

A

Stage of decline

56
Q

[stage] Full recovery of surviving host or chronic infection develops, or death

A

Convalescent stage

BACTERIOLOGY (14 decks)

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