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BACTERIOLOGY > 7.3 HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS - IMMUNE RESPONSES > Flashcards

7.3 HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS - IMMUNE RESPONSES Flashcards

1
Q

→mechanism whereby the body is able to protect itself from invasion by disease causing organisms

A

Immunity

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2
Q

→consists of numerous cells and protein molecules that are responsible for recognizing and removing these foreign substances

A

Immune system

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3
Q

Immune system Divided into two broad categories

A

Innate or Natural immunity
Adaptive or Specific

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4
Q

little or no specificity immune system

A

Innate or Natural immunity

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5
Q

highly specialized immune system

A

Adaptive or Specific

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6
Q

Cells of the immune system

A

B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)

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7
Q

B Lymphocytes (B Cells) Location

A

Lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, gut- associated lymphoid tissue, tonsils)

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8
Q

B Lymphocytes (B Cells) Function

A

Antibody-producing cells

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9
Q

B Lymphocytes (B Cells) Subtypes

A

B lymphocytes
B-memory cells
Plasma cells

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10
Q

Cells waiting to be stimulated by an antigen

A

B lymphocytes

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11
Q

Activated B lymphocytes that secrete antibody in response to an antigen

A

Plasma cells

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12
Q

Long-lived cells preprogrammed to antigen for subsequent exposure

A

B-memory cells

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13
Q

T Lymphocytes (T Cells) Location

A

Circulate and reside in lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, tonsils)

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14
Q

T Lymphocytes (T Cells) Subtypes:

A

Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Suppressor T cells

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15
Q

Interact with B cells to facilitate antibody production

A

Helper T cells

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16
Q

Recognize and destroy host cells that have been invaded by microorganisms

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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17
Q

Mediate regulatory responses within the immune system

A

Suppressor T cells

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18
Q

Similar to that of cytotoxic T cells; however do not require the presence of an antigen to stimulate function

A

Natural Killer Cells

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19
Q

Immediate response to the pathogen that does not confer long lasting protective immunity

A

INNATE, OR NATURAL,
NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY

20
Q

INNATE, OR NATURAL,
NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY examples

A

Physical and chemical barriers
Blood proteins
phagocytosis

21
Q

Blood proteins that act as
mediators of infection

A

Cytokines,
Complement

22
Q

→capable of being specific for distinct molecules, responding in particular ways to different types of foreign substances and developing memory, which allows for a more vigorous response to repeated exposures to the same foreign invader

A

ADAPTIVE, OR SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

23
Q

2 types of ADAPTIVE, OR SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

A

Humoral or Cellular Immune Response

24
Q

major constituents of the adaptive or specific immune response

A

Lymphocytes and Antibodies

25
Q

able to remember each time it encounters a particular foreign antigen

A

Immunologic Memory

26
Q

→Antibody mediated

A

. HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE

27
Q

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) percent of the total serum immunoglobulin pool

A

→70% to 75%

28
Q

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) halflife in serum

A

3 to 4 weeks

29
Q

→cross the maternal placenta to the
fetus
→ passive immunity for newborns,
neutralization of viruses and exotoxin;
responds best to protein antigens, mainly involved in secondary (anamnestic) immune response

A

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

30
Q

→ cannot cross the placenta
→consists of five basic subunits—each composed of two heavy chains and two light chains (similar to an IgG molecule) and linked to another polypeptide chain (J chain) by disulfide bonds
→endotoxin neutralization, bacterial agglutination, complementmediated bacteriolysis, strong opsonization ability; responds best to polysaccharide antigens, mainly involved in primary immune response

A

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

31
Q

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) percent of igms

A

10-15

32
Q

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) half-life in serum

A

5 days

33
Q

→predominant immunoglobulin class in certain body secretions, such as saliva, tears, and intestinal secretions
→ prevention of bacterial and viral invasion of mucous membranes through interference with adherence of
microorganism to site; found in tears, milk, saliva, and respiratory and GI secretions

A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

34
Q

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) percent

A

15% to 20%

35
Q

IgA occurs when

A

two subunits (each similar to an IgG molecule) linked together by a J chain

36
Q

contains a secretory component that stabilizes the molecule

A

Secretory IgA

37
Q

→increase during infection by numerous parasites and may play a
role in eliminating these infectious agents from the host
→major role in allergic response

A

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

38
Q

→little is known; may serve as a B-cell receptor or play a role in autoallergic diseases

A

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

39
Q

relatively rapid appearance of IgM antibodies

A

Primary immune response

40
Q

Antibody Responses

A

Primary and Secondary

41
Q

→rapid increase in IgG antibody associated with higher levels, a prolonged elevation, and a more
gradual decline

A

Secondary or Anamnestic immune response

42
Q

→based on the action of specific kinds of T-lymphocytes that directly attack the cells that are infected with virus, parasites, cancer cells or transplanted cells

A

CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE

43
Q

→ primary effector cell in cell-mediated immunity

A

T Lymphocyte

44
Q

→low-molecular-weight proteins resulting from antigen binding, activation, cell division, and differentiation of the T cell

A

Lymphokines

45
Q

Mechanisms by Which Microbes May Overcome Host Defenses

A

a. Bringing about tolerance
b. Immunosuppression
c. Change in the appropriate target for the immune response
d. Antigenic variation

46
Q

inability to induce an immune response to a microbial antigen

A

Tolerance

47
Q

Antigenic variation example

A

Borrelia recurrentis

BACTERIOLOGY (25 decks)

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