B1, Cells

Question 1

what is cytoplasm

Answer 1

gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.

Question 2

what is the cell membrane

Answer 2

holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 3

what are chloroplast

Answer 3

where photosynthesis occurs

Question 4

what are ribosomes

Answer 4

where proteins are made in the cell

Question 5

what is the nucleus

Answer 5

contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

Question 6

what is the cell membrane

Answer 6

holds the cell together and controls what goes in or out

Question 7

what is the permanent vacuole

Answer 7

a weak solution of sugar and salts
contains cell saps
found in plant cells

Question 8

what are the different types of the cell called

Answer 8

subcellular structures

Question 9

what is an organelle

Answer 9

structure in a cell

Question 10

why do multicellular organisms use mitosis

Answer 10

for growth and to replace damaged cells

Question 11

name a substance transported out of a cell by diffusion

Answer 11

carbon dioxide

Question 12

which part of the cell provides energy

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

name 5 subcellular structures that both plant and animal cells have

Answer 13

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• cytoplasm
• ribosomes

Question 14

3 things plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 14

• cell wall
• permanent vacuole
• chloroplast

Question 15

what is cell differentiation

Answer 15

process by which a cell changes to become more specialised for it’s job

Question 16

3 ways a sperm cell has become more specialised for swimming to an egg cell

Answer 16

• long tail
• streamlined head
• carries mitochondria to provide energy
• enzymes in its head to break through egg cell membrane

Question 17

what is osmosis

Answer 17

the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a lower to a higher solute concentration

Question 18

what is a difference between active transport and diffusion

Answer 18

active transport requires energy from respiration

Question 19

what is active transport

Answer 19

Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. The process requires energy from respiration

Question 20

describe mitosis

Answer 20

• the chromosomes in the cell are copied and pulled by spinal fibres to the edge of the cells
• the cell then splits into 2 daughter cells that are used for growth and repair

Question 21

what is mitosis

Answer 21

one of the processes of cell division, where the cell will be divided into 2 daughter cells

Question 22

name 4 factors that affect diffusion

Answer 22

• concentration gradient
• temperature
• surface area
• distance particles must travel

Question 23

what are chromosones

Answer 23

coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, each carrying a large number fo genes

Question 24

name 4 substances that an diffuse through cell membranes, and 2 that can’t

Answer 24

CAN:

• oxygen
• amino acids
• water
• glucose

CAN’T:

• starch
• protein

Question 25

what 2 ways are the villi in the small intestine adapted for absorbing digested food

Answer 25

• one cell thick

- very good blood supply to assist quick digestion

Question 26

2 ways that embryotic stem cells could be used to cure diseases

Answer 26

• they can differentiate into any kind of stem cell

- can divide and produce lots more undifferentiated stem cells