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Immunology > B Cell Essay > Flashcards

B Cell Essay Flashcards

1
Q

What are B cells?

A

One of the two main immune lymphocytes which mediate adaptive immune response

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2
Q

What are B cells responsible for ?

A

Production of antibodies

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3
Q

What are antibodies ?

A

Proteins found in the blood in response to specific antigens

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4
Q

What are the 5 groups of antibodies ?

A

M,A,D,G,E

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5
Q

What is the most abundant antibody?

A

IgG

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6
Q

What % of serum immunoglobulins does it make up?

A

75%

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7
Q

In antibodies what creates the differences between then?

A

Variable regions

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8
Q

Where does B cell development take place ?

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

Where do lymphoid progenitor cells receive signals from?

A

stromal cells

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10
Q

What are stromal cells composed of ?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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11
Q

What do Mesenchymal stem cells do?

A

Begin B cell development

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12
Q

What do MsC provide B cells with ?

A

Adhesions to allow them to attach. To growth factors such as IL-7

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13
Q

What do these growth factors allow ?

A

For B cells to proliferate and stay in the bone marrow and for an early pro- B cell to be generated

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14
Q

Why is the heavy chain rearranged first?

A

If successful will prevent any further heavy chain rearrangements taking place in a process called allergic exclusions

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15
Q

What happens in heavy chain gene rearrangement

A

One of the D segments joint with a J gene segment

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16
Q

What happens after successful H chain rearrangement ?

A

Cell induces for the L chain to rearrange

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17
Q

Why is L chain rearrangement crucial?

A

Results in a protein that will pair with H chain, if unsuccessful the B cell will die

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18
Q

What is the B cell considered after successful binding of D&J segments?

A

Late pro B cell

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19
Q

What does a late pro-B cell require ?

A

VDJ recombinase

20
Q

What does VDJ recombinase do?

A

Attached the D-J segment to a V segment Indicating heavg chain antigen binding sites complete

21
Q

What happens in positive selection?

A

The late pro-B cells that have successfully rearranged their IG genes and express a BCR signal receive a signal and those who do no undergo apoptosis

22
Q

What is the purpose of -ve selection?

A

Remove B cells that have the potential to be auto reactive

23
Q

What happens in -ve selection?

A

Tests the BCR on b cells ability to bind tightly to self-antigens; those who bind too tight receive a death signal

24
Q

After the selection process that is the B cell now considered to be ?

A

Large pre-B cell

25
Q

Why is becoming a large preB cell important ?

A

It can pair with a surrogate light chain

26
Q

What are SLC made of ?

A

VpreB and Lambda5

27
Q

What does SLC partner with ?

A

Heavy chain to become a Pre-B cell recptor

28
Q

Why is this important ?

A

To determine if the heavy chain is functional

29
Q

What if it is functional?

A

Heavy chain can proliferate and pair with many light chains

30
Q

What does the B cell become now ?

A

Small pre-B cell

31
Q

Where do light chain rearrangements take place ?

A

On either Kappa or Lambda light chain

32
Q

What one rearranges first ?

A

Kappa

33
Q

When does it become a lambda chain?

A

Only if the kappa chain can not successfully bind

34
Q

Why is it crucial that the light chain can bind to heavy chain?

A

For a small pre-B cell to become an immature B cell which signals IgM BCR

35
Q

What happens when chains on BcR effectively pair ?

A

Folder immunoglobulin is exported out of the Golgi complex and expressed on the surface as a BCR

36
Q

What signals do BCR express ?

A

Survival signals into the developing B cell

37
Q

What B cells survive ?

A

Those which have successful rearrangement and have a functional formed IgM molecule

38
Q

What are the two signals ?

A

CD79a and CD79B

39
Q

Where do B cells continue to mature ?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs such and spleen and lymph nodes

40
Q

How do B cells enter such organs ?

A

The use of selections and bind addressing to enter directly or by squeezing through epithelial cells in high endothelial venules

41
Q

Where do B cells first enter ?

A

Paracortical region of the lymph node before migrating to the cortical region

42
Q

How does activation occur ?

A

When the antigen is crosslinked with BCR

43
Q

What happens during crosslinking ?

A

The intracellular chain, the side chains and CD19 cluster together

44
Q

What can a B cell now become ?

A

Plasma or memory cell

45
Q

Where are plasma cells found ?

A

Medullary cords of LN

46
Q

Where are memory cells found ?

A

Sub-capsular sinus of LN

Immunology (16 decks)

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