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Human physiology > Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What does autonomous mean?

A

Self-governing –> subconscious control

e.g. HR, pupil diameter, blood vessel contractility, hormonal secretions

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2
Q

Why is the autonomic NS important?

A

It maintains homeostasis

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3
Q

What part of the NS is the autonomic NS?

A

It’s is part of the peripheral NS

In the AFFERENT division - carries instruction to CNS

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Conscious control of skeletal muscles

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5
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Unconscious control of cardiac, smooth muscle & glands

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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic & sympathetic

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7
Q

What are the roles of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic NS?

A

This division is anatomical

Based on the CNS location of cell body of preganglionic nerve

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8
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral NS?

A
  • Somatic
  • Autonomic
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9
Q

Insert somatic and autonomic comparison image here

A

…

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10
Q

What is the structure of the autonomic NS?

A

It is a two neurone chain

  • The preganglionic (first) neurone - extends to the ganglion
  • The postganglionic (second) neurone extends from the ganglion to effector organ
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11
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Cell bodies of many peripheral autonomic neurones occur in clusters & form swelling on nerve trunks

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12
Q

What is at the end of the postganglionic neurone?

A

Many varicosities from which NTs are released

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13
Q

What are preganglionic neurones?

A

Axons that form synapses with ganglion cells

(Preganglionic autonomic fibres)

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14
Q

What are postganglionic neurones?

A

Axons innervating effector cells

(Postganglionic autonomic fibres)

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15
Q

What are the preganglionic nerves in the ANS?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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16
Q

What are the postganglionic nerves in the ANS?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Noradrenaline (NA)

17
Q

What are the pre- and postganglionic nerves in the ANS?

A

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission (NANC)

18
Q

What does the ANS do overall?

A

Conveys all outputs from the CNS to the rest of the body except motor innervation of skeletal muscle

19
Q

What does the ANS do in homeostasis?

A

It regulates most non-voluntary processes in homeostasis

19
Q

What are some of the non-voluntary processes in homeostasis that the ANS regulates?

A
  • Heartbeat
  • Contraction of smooth muscle of various organs & blood vessels
  • Exocrine (& some endocrine) secretions
  • Energy metabolism (e.g. liver & skeletal muscle)
20
Q

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic interact?

A

They function separately

Have opposing effects in some states (e.g. HR, GI tract) –> but not in some others (e.g. salivary gland secretion)

21
Q

Give some examples of what the sympathetic NS does

A
  • Pupils dilated
  • Hair erected
  • Inc blood sugar
  • Inc HR
  • Inc blood flow through muscle
  • Blood diverted from GI tract
22
Q

When does sympathetic activity increase?

A

During stress

23
Q

When does Parasympathetic activity mostly happen?

A

It predominates during satiation & repose: “rest & digest”

24
Q

What is the ANS influenced by?

A

Sensory info via control centres in the brain

25
Q

Where does cranial sacral outflow happen?

A

The parasympathetic NS

26
Q

How does cranial sacral outflow work?

A
  • Preganglionic axons emerge from cranial & sacral regions of CNS
  • Preganglionic axons form synapses in ganglia near to/adjacent to/within effector tissues
27
Q

What are sacral nerves?

A

Form pelvic plexuses containing scattered ganglia & also some ganglia within tissue - these are pelvic & abdominal viscera

28
Q

What do parasympathetic ganglia look like?

A

Preganglionic fibres are short and post are long

29
Q

What are the 3 ways that the preganglionic sympathetic axons enter sympathetic chains?

A
  • Paraverbal sympathetic chains
  • Prevertebral ganglia
  • Adrenal medulla

Human physiology (43 decks)

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