Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Speech And Hearing Science > Auditory Perception > Flashcards

Auditory Perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the communication chain?

A

Conceptualization - message formulation - linguistic level
Production - speech generation - physiologic level
Transmission - acoustic signal - acoustic level - also sends a feedback link back to ear
Reception - acoustic signal - acoustic level
Conversion - neural signal - physiological level
Interpretation - message comprehension - linguistic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary function of the auditory system?

A

Conversion of acoustic energy to neural energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outer ear consists of 2 parts

A

Pinna
External auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 functions of the outer ear

A

Protect
Transmit sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What doe the outer third of the ear consists of?

A

Skin
Hair
Ceruminous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of cavities are the concha and canal?

A

Resonating cavities - air filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the resonant frequency of the concha?

A

5000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the resonant frequency of the ear canal?

A

2500 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much gain does sound that is at or higher than resonant frequency of the outer ear obtain?

A

10-12 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the concha and ear canal function as?

A

High frequency amplifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the outer ear play a role in?

A

Perception of elevation of sound
Localization
Because of how the Pinna is designed to collect sounds based on its location
Difference in resonance based on elevation of sound Localization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the layers of the TM?

A

Outer epithelial layer
Medial fibrous layer
Inner membranous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What types of fibers are found in the inner TM layer?

A

Concentric circles
Radial spokes around a central bull’s eye
Gives strength and elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Size of middle ear cavity

A

2 cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The middle ear is the _________ link between the outer and inner ear

A

Mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ossicles suspended by

A

The axial ligaments
Tensor tympani
Stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structures does the Eustachian tube connect?

A

Nasopharynx and air-filled middle ear cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does the Eustachian tube normally open?

A

During swallowing and yawning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two functions of the Eustachian tubes?

A

Drain fluid from middle ear to nasopharynx
Pressure equalization of the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens because of the communication b/w the mediums of air and water from middle to inner ear?

A

99.9% loss of sound energy
30 dB decrease in sound energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does the middle ear compensate for sound energy loss?

A

Areal ration
Lever action of the ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is areal ratio?

A

Comparison of the amount of force because of
The pressure b/w the tm and footplate
Equal force at both points results in greater pressure b/c footplate has smaller surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much of an increase in sound pressure from areal ratio?

A

Factor of 17
24.6 dB increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much dB is gained from lever action?

A

2 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does middle ear preserve hearing?

A

Acoustic reflex - contraction of tensor tympani and Stapedius
Attenuation of 15-20 dB
Equal contraction on both sides - consensual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tympanic cavity as 6-sided box

A

Tegmental wall - roof
Jugular wall - floor
Membranous wall - lateral
Labyrinthine wall - medial
Mastoid wall - posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What type of fluid is in the semicircular canals

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many turns does the cochlea have?

A

2 3/4 turns
Largest is at basal turn
Smallest at the apical turn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 compartments of the cochlea

A

Scala media - middle, filed with endolymph
Scala vestibuli - perilymph
Scala tympani - perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Located at apex of cochlea and connects 2 outer compartments

A

Helicotrema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What cochlear structure interfaces with the ossicular chain?

A

Oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fluid wave in cochlea

A

Basilar membrane in scala media transfers wave
From base to apex
Increases in amplitude until point of maximum displacement

33
Q

Cochlea function as _____ ______ ________

A

Frequency analysis mechanism

34
Q

What is the function of the scala media

A

Converts mechanical movement of basilar membrane into electrical (neural) impulses

35
Q

What happens when the basilar membrane experiences displacement?

A

Shearing action of the hair cells
Triggers electrical and chemical processes
Causes activation of the auditory nerve fibers

36
Q

Tracts that send auditory messages to auditory cortex on Heschel’s gurus

A

Medial geniculate
Inferior colliculus
Superior olive
Cochlear nucleus

37
Q

Mode of operation - outer ear

A

Air vibration

38
Q

Mode of operation - middle ear

A

Mechanical vibration

39
Q

Mode of operation - inner ear

A

Mechanical
Hydrodynamic
Electrochemical

40
Q

Mode of operation - central auditory nervous system

A

Electrochemical

41
Q

Function - outer ear

A

Protection
Amplification
Localization

42
Q

Function - middle ear

A

Impedance matching
Selective oval window stimulation
Pressure equalization

43
Q

Function - inner ear

A

Filtering
distribution
Transduction

44
Q

Function - central auditory nervous system

A

Information processing

45
Q

What is psychoacoustics?

A

Study of sound stimulus and behavioral response to acoustic stimuli

46
Q

Psychoacoustic factors that demonstrate ear’s range of sensitivity to sound

A

Softest level we detect - 0 dB SPL - reference level
Threshold of pain - 130 dB SPL - jackhammer/close gunshot
Ratio of 10 power of 13/1

47
Q

What does perception change?

A

Intensity
ear perceives a loss of lower frequencies with soft sounds

48
Q

Because of binaural hearing…

A

Perception of slight differences in:
Time
Phase
Intensity

Sound shadow caused by head

49
Q

What is timbre

A

Attribute of auditory sensation
The ability to distinguish b/c 2 sounds with same pitch and loudness

50
Q

What is timbre determined by?

A

Harmonic content
Dynamic characteristics of sound

51
Q

What does timbre allow us to do?

A

Allows us to discriminate sounds produced by different instruments playing at the same time

52
Q

Audiological definition of deafness

A

Little or no hearing

53
Q

Medical/pathological definition of deafness

A

An impairment (something is broken)
Deviation from the norm

54
Q

Deaf - Federal/Educational (IDEA)

A

Inability to auditorily process linguistic information
90 dB or greater hearing loss

55
Q

Hearing impairment (IDEA)

A

Affects educational performance

56
Q

Perspectives on deafness

A

Hearing: high level of hearing loss
Deaf: high degree of cultural identity

57
Q

Perspectives on hard of hearing

A

Hearing: minimal hearing loss - a little deaf
Deaf: minimal degree of cultural identity - a little hearing

58
Q

Culture of acceptance attitudinally deaf

A

Each member is and can be identified by at least 2 of 4 factors:
Audiological, social/cultural, linguistic, political

59
Q

Highest level of acceptance for a hearing-impaired non-ASL user (Baker-Shenk, Cokely)

A

Social/cultural, Audiological and political

60
Q

Highest level of acceptance for a hearing person

A

Political, linguistic, social/cultural

61
Q

Typical avenues of acceptance for hearing people

A

Linguistic and social/cultural

62
Q

Degree of cultural identity - colonomos & Bienvenu

A

Core Deaf (Deaf of Deaf)
Cultural deaf (deaf but not deaf of deaf)
Siblings of deaf
CODA’s - child of deaf adult
Hard of hearing
Interpreters
Non-signing family - Interpreters
Non-signing family - hearing

63
Q

Capital “D” deaf

A

Culturally deaf
Uses ASL
Differentiated ASL signs

64
Q

Lower case “d’” deaf

A

Audiological deafness
Not part of deaf culture

65
Q

Deafness by Onset - Congenital

A

Was present at birth

66
Q

Deafness by onset - prelingual

A

Prior to the age of 3 - before acquiring language

67
Q

Deafness by onset - postlingual

A

Loss after language has been acquired

68
Q

Deafness by onset - acquired/adventitious

A

After birth, due to illness or injury
Acquisition of language as the primary component

69
Q

Causes of deafness/hearing loss

A

Genetics
Illness
Accident
Birth Trauma
Exposure to ototoxic drugs

70
Q

Undiagnosed hearing loss can be confused with:

A

Learning disability
Oppositional defiant behavior
Social problems
Developmental disability
Mental illness
Autism

71
Q

HL educational implications - normal hearing

A

Detect all speech sounds
-10 - +15 DB on audiogram

72
Q

HL educational implications - slight loss

A

Difficulty hearing faint or distant speech
If speech too rapid in noisy classroom will miss information
Loss b/w 16-25 dB

73
Q

HL educational implications - mild

A

Miss up to 50% class discussions
Require us of hearing aid or personal FM system
Loss b/w 26-40 dB

74
Q

HL educational implications - moderate

A

Can hear 3-5 ft if structure and vocab are controlled
Hearing aids or personal FM systems are essential
Special attention to development of language, reading and writing
Loss b/w 41-55 dB

75
Q

HL educational implications - moderate to severe

A

Miss up to 100% without amplifications
Require full time use of amplification
Need additional help in all language based academic subjects
Loss b/w 56-70 dB

76
Q

HL educational implications - severe/profound

A

Only hear loud noises up close
Hearing aids and intensive auditory training and
Specialized instructional techniques in reading, language and speech dev
Loss b/w 71-90 dB

77
Q

HL educational implications - Profound

A

Rely on vision rather than hearing
Candidate for sing system
Specialized instructional techniques techniques in reading speech and language
Loss of 91 dB or more

78
Q

Unilateral hearing loss at risk for failing a grade because:

A

Distractibility
Limited attention span
Problems following directions
Fatigue as the school day progresses

79
Q

HL educational implications - unilateral loss

A

Good ear closest to source of sound
Limit background noise
Reduce hard floors and walls

Speech And Hearing Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions