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PSY220 > Attraction > Flashcards

Attraction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules of attraction?

A

both geographical nearness and functional distance predict liking

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2
Q

How does availability and proximity effect attraction?

A

encountering other people allows for and encourages the formation of new relationships

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3
Q

What is anticipatory liking?

A

the expectation that someone will be compatible and pleasant

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4
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus, such as an object or a person, leads to greater liking of the stimulus

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5
Q

What is fuctional distance?

A

The influence of physical layout that encourages or inhibits certain activities, including contact between people

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6
Q

Why does mere exposure cause attraction?

A

classical conditioning, fluency,

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7
Q

How does fluency influence mere exposure?

A

easier to process info about familiar stimuli

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8
Q

How does similarity influence attraction?

A

friends and romantic partners tend to be similar in beliefs and other characteristics

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9
Q

How does social validation promote similarity?

A

similar others have similar beliefs, we feel uncomfortable around people who challenge our beliefs

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10
Q

How do more fluent interactions influence similarity?

A

interacting with people similar to ourselves is often easier

less conflict over which activities are desirable and greater ability to understand other person choice

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11
Q

What is the false consensus bias?

A

individuals assume that their personal qualities, characteristics, beliefs, and actions are relatively widespread through the general population

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12
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

The common belief (accurate or not) that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance

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13
Q

What is attitude alignment?

A

a phenomenon where people change their attitudes to be more similar to the attitudes of others

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14
Q

What are complimentary opposites?

A

the tendency to seek out others with characteristics that compliment their own

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15
Q

What is the status exchange hypothesis?

A

a sociological theory that suggests that people in interracial marriages exchange one social status for another

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16
Q

What is the pratfall effect?

A

is a psychological phenomenon where a person’s likability increases if they make a mistake or display a humanizing flaw, especially if they are otherwise perceived as competent or high-performing

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17
Q

What is reciprocal liking?

A

we like those who like us back

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18
Q

What are the effects of overestimating attraction?

A

effects of a blow to our self esteem (eg rebound relationships), low self esteem

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19
Q

What are the benefits of physical attractiveness?

A

more popular as friends. better liked as potential romantic partners

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20
Q

What are the physical attractiveness features of women?

A

large eyes, small nose, small chin, full lips, prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks

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21
Q

What are the physical attractiveness features of men?

A

strong jaw, broad forehead, broad shoulders

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22
Q

Why does attractiveness matter?

A

immediacy, prestige, halo effect

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23
Q

What is the matching phenomenon?

A

the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a good match in attractiveness and other traits

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24
Q

What are the most attractive faces?

A

faces that are more average (less abnormal)

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25
Q

What is paradox of choice?

A

an abundance of choice leads people to be less happy with the choices they do make

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26
Q

What is the gain loss theory of attraction?

A

is a psychological concept that explains how changes in someone’s perception of us influence our feelings of attraction toward them

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27
Q

How does positive behaviour influence the gain loss theory of attraction?

A

increases in positive behaviour has more of an impact on us than constantly rewarding behaviour from that person

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28
Q

When do we like someone the most?

A

in a gain situation

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29
Q

When do we like someone the least?

A

in a loss situation

30
Q

What is the reward theory of attraction?

A

the idea that we are attracted to others who reward us, who we find rewarding and who we associate with reward

31
Q

What is misattribution of arousal?

A

The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do

32
Q

What is love?

A

a combination of emotions, cognitions, and behaviours that often plays a critical role in intimate relationships

33
Q

What is companionate love?

A

friends/family/people who have similar interests as us

34
Q

What is compassionate love?

A

parents/spouses that monitor and respond to one’s needs

35
Q

What is romantic love?

A

partners that we feel intense emotional and sexual desire towards

36
Q

What are the feelings you have for a platonic friend?

A

shared interests, mutual respect, companionship

37
Q

What are the feelings you have for a romantic partner?

A

passion, attachment and physical attraction

38
Q

What is Sternberg’s triangular model of love?

A

according to this theory, there are 7 different forms of love each made up of varying degrees of intimacy, passion and commitment

39
Q

What is intimacy according to the triangle of love?

A

emotional component - liking and feelings of closeness

40
Q

What is passion according to the triangle of love?

A

motivational component - drives for attraction, romance and sexual desire

41
Q

What is commitment according to the triangle of love?

A

cognitive component - decision for long term commitment

42
Q

What is liking according to the triangle of love?

A

intimacy without passion or commitment

43
Q

What is infatuation according to the triangle of love?

A

passion as the only element

44
Q

What is empty love according to the triangle of love?

A

commitment without intimacy or passion

45
Q

What is romantic love according to the triangle of love?

A

intimacy and passion

46
Q

What is companionate love according to the triangle of love?

A

intimacy and commitment

47
Q

What is fatous love according to the triangle of love?

A

passion and commitment without intimacy

48
Q

What is consummate love according to the triangle of love?

A

intimacy, passion and commitment

49
Q

What is theory of social penetration?

A

explains how relationships develop and deepen over time through a gradual process of self-disclosure

50
Q

What occurs during a beginning of a relationship?

A

superficial information

51
Q

What occurs during a developing relationship?

A

intimate level ; Beliefs and personal opinions

52
Q

What occurs during close relationships?

A

very intimate level ; Deep emotions, fears, and core self-concepts

53
Q

What is the porcupine’s dilemma?

A

the desire to achieve deep intimacy while reaming invulnerable to hurt

54
Q

What is authenticity?

A

the freedom to share your true feelings and beliefs with your partner

55
Q

Who falls in love first?

A

men fall in love more quickly and are more likely to endorse romantic beliefs

56
Q

What is the investment in offspring?

A

large asymmetry in the minimal parental investment of males and females (males only sperm, females have to go through pregnancy)

57
Q

What character traits do females view as attractive?

A

social status, wealth, intelligence, ability and ambition

58
Q

What is the three factor theory of passionate love?

A

first learn about love

culturally appropriate love object in present (The individual must live in a culture that acknowledges and encourages the concept of passionate love)

misattribution of physiological arousal as love (The individual must experience heightened physiological arousal, such as increased heart rate, excitement, or adrenaline)

59
Q

How does attachment theory explain why we love?

A

suggests that our behaviour in adult relationships is based on our experiences as infants with our parents or caregivers

60
Q

How do attachment styles explain why we love?

A

the expectations people develop about relationships with others, based on the relationships they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants

61
Q

How do we maintain intimate relationships?

A

knowledge, caring, mutuality, trust, interdependency

62
Q

What is relationship dissatisfaction?

A

blame and negative attributions for partner’s behaviour

63
Q

What are the behavioural predictors of divource in couples?

A

The 4 horsemen, criticism and defensiveness, stonewalling, contempt

64
Q

What are the top predictors of divorce?

A

partnering with neurotic personality, partnering with someone highly sensitive to rejection, marrying at a young age, undergoing financial stress

65
Q

How do relationships end according to Baxter?

A

Withdrawal/avoidance, positive tone, manipulative strategies and open confrontation

66
Q

What are the four ways of coping with relationships about to end according to Rusbult et al?

A

loyalty, neglect, voice, exit

67
Q

What is straight talk?

A

a person’s clear statement of his or her feelings and concerns without accusing, blaming, judging or ridiculing the other person

68
Q

What are dispositional attributions?

A

Attributing the cause of that person’s behaviour to a flaw in their personality

69
Q

What is situational attributions?

A

Attributing the cause of that person’s behaviour to a situation that is affecting them

70
Q

What is immediate feedback?

A

For communication to be effective in a close relationship, we are able to give and receive immediate feedback on how our workds and behaviours are interpreted

71
Q

What is feeling vs judgements?

A

Be open but express yourself in a manner that causes a minimum of pain and maximizes the recipients ability to understand your complaint

PSY220 (20 decks)

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