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Attraction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules of attraction?

A

both geographical nearness and functional distance predict liking

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2
Q

How does availability and proximity effect attraction?

A

encountering other people allows for and encourages the formation of new relationships

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3
Q

What is anticipatory liking?

A

the expectation that someone will be compatible and pleasant

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4
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus, such as an object or a person, leads to greater liking of the stimulus

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5
Q

What is fuctional distance?

A

The influence of physical layout that encourages or inhibits certain activities, including contact between people

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6
Q

Why does mere exposure cause attraction?

A

classical conditioning, fluency,

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7
Q

How does fluency influence mere exposure?

A

easier to process info about familiar stimuli

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8
Q

How does similarity influence attraction?

A

friends and romantic partners tend to be similar in beliefs and other characteristics

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9
Q

How does social validation promote similarity?

A

similar others have similar beliefs, we feel uncomfortable around people who challenge our beliefs

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10
Q

How do more fluent interactions influence similarity?

A

interacting with people similar to ourselves is often easier

less conflict over which activities are desirable and greater ability to understand other person choice

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11
Q

What is the false consensus bias?

A

individuals assume that their personal qualities, characteristics, beliefs, and actions are relatively widespread through the general population

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12
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

The common belief (accurate or not) that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance

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13
Q

What is attitude alignment?

A

a phenomenon where people change their attitudes to be more similar to the attitudes of others

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14
Q

What are complimentary opposites?

A

the tendency to seek out others with characteristics that compliment their own

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15
Q

What is the status exchange hypothesis?

A

a sociological theory that suggests that people in interracial marriages exchange one social status for another

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16
Q

What is the pratfall effect?

A

is a psychological phenomenon where a person’s likability increases if they make a mistake or display a humanizing flaw, especially if they are otherwise perceived as competent or high-performing

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17
Q

What is reciprocal liking?

A

we like those who like us back

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18
Q

What are the effects of overestimating attraction?

A

effects of a blow to our self esteem (eg rebound relationships), low self esteem

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19
Q

What are the benefits of physical attractiveness?

A

more popular as friends. better liked as potential romantic partners

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20
Q

What are the physical attractiveness features of women?

A

large eyes, small nose, small chin, full lips, prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks

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21
Q

What are the physical attractiveness features of men?

A

strong jaw, broad forehead, broad shoulders

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22
Q

Why does attractiveness matter?

A

immediacy, prestige, halo effect

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23
Q

What is the matching phenomenon?

A

the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a good match in attractiveness and other traits

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24
Q

What are the most attractive faces?

A

faces that are more average (less abnormal)

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25
What is paradox of choice?
an abundance of choice leads people to be less happy with the choices they do make
26
What is the gain loss theory of attraction?
is a psychological concept that explains how changes in someone’s perception of us influence our feelings of attraction toward them
27
How does positive behaviour influence the gain loss theory of attraction?
increases in positive behaviour has more of an impact on us than constantly rewarding behaviour from that person
28
When do we like someone the most?
in a gain situation
29
When do we like someone the least?
in a loss situation
30
What is the reward theory of attraction?
the idea that we are attracted to others who reward us, who we find rewarding and who we associate with reward
31
What is misattribution of arousal?
The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
32
What is love?
a combination of emotions, cognitions, and behaviours that often plays a critical role in intimate relationships
33
What is companionate love?
friends/family/people who have similar interests as us
34
What is compassionate love?
parents/spouses that monitor and respond to one's needs
35
What is romantic love?
partners that we feel intense emotional and sexual desire towards
36
What are the feelings you have for a platonic friend?
shared interests, mutual respect, companionship
37
What are the feelings you have for a romantic partner?
passion, attachment and physical attraction
38
What is Sternberg's triangular model of love?
according to this theory, there are 7 different forms of love each made up of varying degrees of intimacy, passion and commitment
39
What is intimacy according to the triangle of love?
emotional component - liking and feelings of closeness
40
What is passion according to the triangle of love?
motivational component - drives for attraction, romance and sexual desire
41
What is commitment according to the triangle of love?
cognitive component - decision for long term commitment
42
What is liking according to the triangle of love?
intimacy without passion or commitment
43
What is infatuation according to the triangle of love?
passion as the only element
44
What is empty love according to the triangle of love?
commitment without intimacy or passion
45
What is romantic love according to the triangle of love?
intimacy and passion
46
What is companionate love according to the triangle of love?
intimacy and commitment
47
What is fatous love according to the triangle of love?
passion and commitment without intimacy
48
What is consummate love according to the triangle of love?
intimacy, passion and commitment
49
What is theory of social penetration?
explains how relationships develop and deepen over time through a gradual process of self-disclosure
50
What occurs during a beginning of a relationship?
superficial information
51
What occurs during a developing relationship?
intimate level ; Beliefs and personal opinions
52
What occurs during close relationships?
very intimate level ; Deep emotions, fears, and core self-concepts
53
What is the porcupine's dilemma?
the desire to achieve deep intimacy while reaming invulnerable to hurt
54
What is authenticity?
the freedom to share your true feelings and beliefs with your partner
55
Who falls in love first?
men fall in love more quickly and are more likely to endorse romantic beliefs
56
What is the investment in offspring?
large asymmetry in the minimal parental investment of males and females (males only sperm, females have to go through pregnancy)
57
What character traits do females view as attractive?
social status, wealth, intelligence, ability and ambition
58
What is the three factor theory of passionate love?
first learn about love culturally appropriate love object in present (The individual must live in a culture that acknowledges and encourages the concept of passionate love) misattribution of physiological arousal as love (The individual must experience heightened physiological arousal, such as increased heart rate, excitement, or adrenaline)
59
How does attachment theory explain why we love?
suggests that our behaviour in adult relationships is based on our experiences as infants with our parents or caregivers
60
How do attachment styles explain why we love?
the expectations people develop about relationships with others, based on the relationships they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants
61
How do we maintain intimate relationships?
knowledge, caring, mutuality, trust, interdependency
62
What is relationship dissatisfaction?
blame and negative attributions for partner's behaviour
63
What are the behavioural predictors of divource in couples?
The 4 horsemen, criticism and defensiveness, stonewalling, contempt
64
What are the top predictors of divorce?
partnering with neurotic personality, partnering with someone highly sensitive to rejection, marrying at a young age, undergoing financial stress
65
How do relationships end according to Baxter?
Withdrawal/avoidance, positive tone, manipulative strategies and open confrontation
66
What are the four ways of coping with relationships about to end according to Rusbult et al?
loyalty, neglect, voice, exit
67
What is straight talk?
a person's clear statement of his or her feelings and concerns without accusing, blaming, judging or ridiculing the other person
68
What are dispositional attributions?
Attributing the cause of that person's behaviour to a flaw in their personality
69
What is situational attributions?
Attributing the cause of that person's behaviour to a situation that is affecting them
70
What is immediate feedback?
For communication to be effective in a close relationship, we are able to give and receive immediate feedback on how our workds and behaviours are interpreted
71
What is feeling vs judgements?
Be open but express yourself in a manner that causes a minimum of pain and maximizes the recipients ability to understand your complaint

PSY220 (20 decks)

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