ATI Science- DNA & RNA Flashcards
the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA
Cytosine-Guanine , Adenine-Thymine
bases of RNA
Cytosine-Guanine, Adenine-Uracil
A gene must match a _____ for traits to develop correctly
protein
DNA consists of _________
nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of _______ & ______
5 carbon sugar and a phosphate group
____ has code for a single amino acid
codon
groups of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA
codon
The steps in DNA replication are controlled by
enzymes
Enzyme that starts DNA replication by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases
helicase
where splitting of DNA starts is called
origin of replication
portion of DNA that is unwound to be replicated
replication fork
process where DNA is copied into RNA (by RNA Polymerase)
transcription
process where ribosomes use transcribed RNA to produce proteins
translation
RNA molecule present in ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal)
RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis ; carries a specific amino acid ; found in cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer)
Adenosine is _______ to Thymine. Cytosine is _________ to Guanine
double hydrogen bonded; triple hydrogen bonded
DNA is ___ strands and forms what structure ________?
double stranded; double helix
carries copy strand of DNA & transports it from nucleus to cytoplasm
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Histones are proteins associated with
DNA
Which of the following are used to determine a person’s DNA sequence
genes
To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is
most useful?
Electrophoresis
Purines (2 rings)
adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines (1 ring)
cytosine and thymine
In most cells, primary carrier of genetic information
DNA
serves as a messenger that transmits genetic information from DNA to cytoplasm of cell
RNA
How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome?
RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm
Which of the following best describes one of the roles of RNA?
Sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA
