Asthma, COPD, Antihistamines Flashcards
Theophylline MOA
PDE inhibitor, incr. cAMP
Theophylline SE (3)
CNS (nervousness, tremor)
tachycardia
arrhythmias
Theophylline use (2)
for asthma not controlled by B-agonists
low therapeutic index- toxic
corticosteroids SE (2)
thrush
hoarseness
leukotriene receptor antagonists (3)
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singulair)
Pranlukast (Ultair)
leukotriene inhibitors SE
Montelukast: psych sx
URI, sore throat, HA, abd pain, sleepiness
cromolyn sodium (Nedcromil) use (4)
used mostly in children
preventative- chronic use, takes a while to work
taken 4x daily
tastes bad
Ipratropium (Atrovent) MOA & uses (2)
muscarinic agonist
useful if intolerant of B2 agonists
used in COPD, combined w/ Albuterol
H1 receptor functions (3 locations)
H2 function
endothelium: activates NO –> vasodilation
brain: wakefulness, appetite control
smooth muscle: relaxation
gastric acid secretion
sedating H1 antagonists (2)
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
motion sickness H1 antagonists (2)
diphenhydramine
dimenhydrinate (Dramimine)
1st gen H1 antagonists characteristics (2)
enter the brain- sedating
block muscarinic receptors too
antiemetic 1st gen H1 antagonist
Promethazine (Phenergan)
2nd gen H1 antagonist characteristics (3)
do not enter brain- less sedating
no anticholinergic effects
not useful for motion sickness
2nd gen H1 antagonist excreted by kidney (3)
Cetirizine
Levocetirizine
Acrivastine
H1 antagonist 2nd gen uses
best when used prophylactically for allergic rhinitis or motion sickness
2nd gen H1 antagonist metabolic concern
metabolism decreased w/ erythromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, cimetidine
