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Pharm 3 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Valacyclovir unique characteristics? (3)

A

increased bioavailability
absorption not effected by food
fewer doses

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2
Q

Acyclovir use (3)

A

DOC herpes
organ transplant prophylaxis
chronic for immunocompromised

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3
Q

Acyclovir SE

A

nephrotoxic w/ high IV doses

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4
Q

Docosanol MOA and use

A

inhibits viral fusion to cell membrane- virus can’t enter the cell

OTC for cold sore

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5
Q

Ganciclovir SE (4)

A

neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
seizures
abnormal LFTs

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6
Q

Cidofovir use and SE

A

resistant CMV and herpes

renal toxicity- need to use probenecid or hydrate

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7
Q

Foscarnet use (2) and toxicity?

A

IV
resistant CMV and herpes

renal toxicity

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8
Q

Fomvirsen MOA, use, and SE (2)

A

antisense compound to viral mRNA

intraocular for CMV retinitis

ocular inflammation, visual haze

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9
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) use (2) and dose (2)

A

influenza, bird flu

oral, take w/ food to prevent N/V

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10
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza) use (2), and cautions

A

influenza A and B

inhaled/nasal
caution in COPD, asthma

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11
Q

Amantidine MOA, use, and SE (2)

A

inhibits viral uncoating
treatment and prophylaxis of flu A
hallucinations, N/V

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12
Q

Rimantidine characteristics

A

no CNS entry- no hallucinations

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13
Q

ribavirin MOA (2), forms (3)

A

purine analogue- inhibits viral RNA synthesis
inhibits RNA polymerase

aerosol, IV, oral

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14
Q

Ribavirin use (3), SE (4)

A

RSV
hep C (w/ interferon)
SARS

pulm. toxicity, anemia, depression, teratogenic

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15
Q

Palivizumab MOA & use

A

Ab to RSV

injection prophylaxis for high risk pts once/mo.

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16
Q

Lamivudine MOA & use (2)

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitor
DOC for Hep B
HIV w/ Zidovudine

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17
Q

Adefovir use & SE (2)

A

Hep B

renal toxicity, lactic acidosis

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18
Q

Entacavir use

A

Hep B

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19
Q

Interferon MOA

A

interferes w/ every stage of replication: blocks viral entry, transcription/translation of mRNA, viral processing, viral release

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20
Q

Interferon SE (5)

A 
flu-like sx
nausea
depression **
neutropenia
anemia
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21
Q

Boceprevir, Telaprevir, Simeprevir MOA

A

inhibit serine protease needed for Hep C replication

22
Q

Boceprevir, Telaprevir, Simeprevir SE (4)

A

incr. effect w/ interferon/ribavirin

exacerbate anemia, neutropenia, fatigue assoc. w/ ifn-alfa/ribavirin

23
Q

Sofosbuvir/Lepidasivir MOA & SE (3)

A

halts HCV reproduction

irritability**
fatigue
lethargy

24
Q

Dasabuvir, Ombitasivir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir (Viekira) MOA, SE (2)

A

inhibit RNA polymerases

fatigue
insomnia

25
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir) use (5)

A 
combined w/ lamivudine
enters CNS- can treat AIDs dementia
prophylaxis
safe in pregnancy- 
decr. transmission to newborns
26
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir) SE (5)

A 
anemia
neutropenia
CNS
GI
somnolence w/ gancyclovir
27
Q

Tenofovir (Viread)/Emtricitabine (Emtriva) MOA, use, SE (2)

A

inhibits reverse transcriptase
DOC

mild GI, flatulence

28
Q

didanosine (ddI, Videx) SE & use

A

peripheral neuropathy

combo w/ Zidovudine

29
Q

Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) drug type, SE (2)

A

NRTIs

peripheral neuropathy
oral ulcers

30
Q

stavudine (Zerit) drug type, SE

A

NRTI

peripheral neuropathy

31
Q

NRTIs causing peripheral neuropathy (3)

A

Didanosine (ddI, Videx)
Stavudine (Zerit)
Zalcitabine (ddC, Videx)

32
Q

NRTIs causing lactic acidosis (4)

A

Zidovudine
Zalcitabine
Didanosine
Stavudine

33
Q

NRTIs causing anemia/granulocytopenia (2)

A

Zidovudine

Didanosine

34
Q

NNRTIs (2), use

A

Efavirenz
Nevirapine

use only w/ nucleoside analogues, interact w/ protease inhibitors

35
Q

preferred NNRTI? NNRTI for pregnancy?

A

Efavirenz

Nevirapine

36
Q

protease inhibitor DOC?

A

Atazenavir (Reytaz)

37
Q

DOC #2 for protease inhibitors

A

Darunavir (Prezista)

38
Q

Protease inhibitors SE (5)

A 
altered body fat
elevates cholesterol & TGs
diabetes
depression
abd pain
39
Q

Protease inhibitors tx guidelines (2)

A

don’t interrupt therapy

many drug interactions - St. John’s Wort

40
Q

Atazanavir (Reyataz) SE & dose

A

may incr. bilirubin

once/day dosing

41
Q

Darunavir (Prezista) SE (2)

A

HA

nightmares

42
Q

Saquinavir use cautions (3)

A

incr. bioavailability w/ high fat diet, grapefruit, or ritonavir
inhibition of CYP3A may cause interactions or toxicity
GI side effects

43
Q

Ritonavir (Norvir) use (3)

A

inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism
combined w/ other drugs to increase bioavailability
many drug interactions

44
Q

Ritonavir SE (3)

A

GI
burning/tingling
elevated LFTs

45
Q

Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) SE (3)

A

diarrhea
nausea
elevated LFTs w/ hepatic disease

46
Q

Indinavir (Crixivan) interactions (2) & SE (2)

A

cross-resistance w/ ritonavir
metabolized by CYP3A4- many drug interactions

kidney stones
hyperbilirubinemia

47
Q

Amprenavir/Fosamprenavir SE

A

rash/SJS

48
Q

Tipranavir (Aptivus) use (2)

A

non-peptidic protease inhibitor- may work w/ resistance

combined w/ ritonavir

49
Q

Enfurvirtide (Fuzeon) MOA, use, & SE (2)

A

binds to viral envelope glycoprotein, prevents fusion of virus & entry into the cell
no cross-resistance with other drugs- used late in disease
injection site rxn
pneumonia

50
Q

Raltegravir (Isentress) MOA (2), use

A

blocks integrase,
prevents viral replication

used when other drugs stop working

Pharm 3 (15 decks)

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