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Pharm 3 > Alcohol, Anxiolytics, & Sedative Hypnotics > Flashcards

Alcohol, Anxiolytics, & Sedative Hypnotics Flashcards

0
Q

Fomepizole MOA

A

inhibits alcohol DH

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1
Q

Disulfram MOA

A

inhibits aldehyde DH

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2
Q

product of alcohol DH?

A

acetaldehyde

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3
Q

product of aldehyde DH

A

acetate

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4
Q

alcohol MOA (4)

A

binds to GABAa receptor to increase Cl- influx
increases DA in mesolimbic pathway
inhibits the effect of glutamate on NMDA receptor
increases NMDA receptors

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5
Q

naltrexone contraindication

A

liver failure

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6
Q

naltrexone MOA

A

opioid antagonist- blocks alcohol’s ability to stimulate the reward pathway

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7
Q

acamprosate (camprel EC) MOA

A

structural analogue of GABA- restores balance of GABA and glutamate

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8
Q

antidote for MeOH poisoning

A

fomepizole- alcohol DH inhibitor

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9
Q

short-acting barbiturate used for anesthesia induction

A

thiopental (pentothal)

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10
Q

long-acting barbiturate, used as anticonvulsant

A

phenobarbital (Luminal)

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11
Q

barbiturate contraindications (3)

A

porphyria
pulmonary insufficiency
alcohol

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12
Q

short-acting benzo

A

midazolam

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13
Q

long-acting benzos (4)

A

diazepam
prazepam
clorazepate
fluzepam

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14
Q

short-acting benzos (3)

A

alprazolam
triazolam
lorazepam

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15
Q

benzo MOA (2)

A

bind to the GABAa receptor

increase affinity of the receptor to GABA, prolonging its action

16
Q

benzo tx insomnia (2)

A

flurazepam
temazepam

helpful for people who can’t fall asleep

17
Q

benzo tx status epilepticus (2)

A

diazepam

lorazepam

18
Q

benzo sedation/anesthesia

A

midazolam

19
Q

benzo for muscle spasm

A

diazepam

20
Q

benzo for EtOH withdrawl (3)

A

taper w/
chlordiazepoxide
diazepam
lorazepam

21
Q

benzo contraindications? (2)

A

pregnancy

sleep apnea

22
Q

benzo antagonist & MOA

A

flumazenil
antagonist- competes for GABA receptor
reverses effects of benzos

23
Q

flumazenil contraindication

A

hx seizures

24
Q

“Z drugs” & MOA

A

Zolpidem (Ambien), Zaleplon (Sonata), Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

bind to the BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor to increase GABA mediated inhibition

25
Q

eszopiclone use?

A

long-half life, long-term tx

26
Q

Ramelteon (Rozerem) MOA

A

melatonin analogue, promotes sleepiness w/ no GABA effect

GABA independent- no ceiling effect

27
Q

Buspirone (BuSpar) MOA & use

A

partial agonist at post-synaptic serotonin receptor –> inhibition of cell signaling, decreased 5-HT release

relieves anxiety w/o sedation. takes 2 weeks to feel effects
low addiction potential

Pharm 3 (15 decks)

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