Arthiritis and musculoskeletal conditions Flashcards
Define: arthiritis and musculoskeletal conditions
conditions of the bones, muscles and other attachments (eg. ligaments, tendons and joints)
how many a&m condiitons?
over 100
most common a&m conditions?
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, juvenile arthritis, back problems
Define: back problems
conditions of the muscles, bones, joints and nerves of the back.
Causes of back problems?
injury and illness
effects of back problems?
affected mobility.
Define: juvenile arthritis
any form of arthritis that occurs in individuals under the age of 16
Describe onset of symptoms of juvenile arthritis
can be gradual or sudden; but often followed by period of remission
effects of juvenile arthriris?
growth of skeletal tissue and reduce mobility (making going to school and playing sports difficult)
symptoms of juvenile arthiritis are characterised by ___ but ____
growth of skeletal tissue and reduce mobility (making going to school and playing sports difficult)
no set symptoms - range of condiitons.
define: osteoarthritis
occurs when cartilage (substance that surrounds bones to cushion joints) breaks down, and bones rub together causing pain and limited mobility.
Is osteoarthritis a degenerative disease?
yes
define: degenerative
ecomes worse over time and often leads to reduced functioning
describe prevalence os osteoarthritis in terms of place gender age body weight
place - knees, neck, lower back, hips, fingers
females
increases with age
increases with bw
Define: rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks tissues lining joints, resulting in inflammation, pain and swelling.
effects of inflamation of rheumatoid arthritis?
can eventually wear bone and muscle away, resulting in joint deformities.
where does rheumatoid arthritis most commonly occur?
mostly smaller joints (hands and feet) but also larger joints (knees and hips)
describe severity of rheumatoid arthritis
• Disability starts early in disease, and can seriously impact quality of life.
define: osteoporosis
disease where bone density deteriorates, leading to weak bones more prone to fractures.
why does osteoporosis occur?
• Due to bone mass not maintained, because of multiple factors leading to net loss of bone tissue and decreased rate of bone renewal
where does osteoporosis most commonly occur?
bones of the spine, hip and wrist
why is osteoporosis an NHPA?
- Contribute greatly to BOD. In particular YLD as it isn’t prominent in mortality figures but can cause significant disability (5% of Australia’s BOD).
- Contribute significant costs to both individuals and communities (4th leading cause of health expenditure: 5% of health system expenditure that can be reliably allocated to diseases
direct costs to inv?
- Ambulance transport for fractures (osteoporosis)
- Patient co-payments for medications (as treatment)
- Patient co-payments for doctor/specialist services (as musculoskeletal conditions must be continually monitored, and they develop management plans)
- Exercise programs (way of managing; to gyms, pools and physiotherapists)
direct costs to comm?
- Medicare contribution (for some of doctor/specialist fees, all public hospital fees and joint replacement surgery)
- PBS contributions for medicines Private health insurance fund contributions towards treatment in private/rehabilitation hospitals
- Prevention programs eg. Bone Health for Life
indirect costs to indv?
- Loss of income (if can’t work due to reduced mobility)
- Cost for carers
- Transport costs (if reduced mobility, might need taxis)
indirect costs to comm?
- Loss of productivity
* Social security and other government payments
intangible costs to indv?
- Anxiety over prospect of falls/fractures (osteoporosis)
- Missing out on social experiences due to reduced mobility (affecs social and mental health)
- Not being able to exercise due to physical limitations (impacts PMS)
- Loss of self-esteem due to inability to perform tasks
intangible costs to comm?
- Anxiety over prospect of falls/fractures (osteoporosis)
- Missing out on social experiences due to reduced mobility (affecs social and mental health)
- Not being able to exercise due to physical limitations (impacts PMS)
- Loss of self-esteem due to inability to perform tasks
biological dets?
Body weight
• Puts more pressure on joints arthiritis
• Increases risk of osteoporosis
• If underweight: smaller bones, more pronounced effects of osteoporosis; and lack of constant weight bearing down through bones
Age
• as age increases, heart loses efficiency and basal metabolism decreases, making weight management harder
Genetic predisposition
• Family history = higher risk
Sex
• Females more likely in all except bp’s
• More likely osteoporosis due to decline in peak bone mass in menopause
behavioural dets?
Tobacco smoking
• Chemicals in it (esp. nicotine) can directly harm bone cells
• May reduce absorption of calcium and vitamin D, both required for building bone mass
• Usually lower BW and exercise less
Alcohol consumption
• Can be toxic to bone cells and reduce bone mass
• If excessive, supply of calcium and vitamin D reduced
Physical activity
• Too much: puts continual stress on joints, quickens arthiritis
• Too little: Moderate weight bearing exercise can help maintain bone mass
Poor dietary behaviour
• Too much sodium: loss of calcium from hard tissues (osteoporosis)
• Not enough nutrients required for hard tissue formation (calcium, vitamin D< phosphorus) can increase chance (esp. osteoporosis)
Vitamin D deficiency
• Contributes to reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis
• Found in sun, fish, milk
• Most at risk: elderly (esp. in residential aged care), full body clothed
physical environment dets?s
Access to recreational facilities
• Obesity arthiritis
• No gyms = no weight bearing activity (decreased bone density and osteoporosis)
Transport systems
• Passive transport weight gain arthiritis
social dets?
Low SES
• Less knowledge of nutrition and value of regular healthcare increased risk, and impact on treatment
Occupation
• Heavy lifting more back problems
Food insecurity
• Lack of nutritious foods, leads to inadequate amount of nutrients required for hard tissue formation which leads to osteoporosis
health promotion program?
bone health for life
who runs bone health?
: NGO Jean Hailes for Women’s Health
aim of bone health for life?
to provide practical advice for women and health professionals regarding achieving and maintaining healthy bones.
how does bone health for life work?
fact sheets
links to support services for people with pstep[prpsos
online tests
gp online learning activiteis
describe fact sheets
: provided by experts at Jean hailes for Women’s Health explain osteoporosis and its diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and topics such as food intake, exercise programs and medical checkups.
• 15 languages to provide for various cultural backgrounds
• Written and audio
examples of support services to osteoporosis sufferers?
:self-management courses and support groups
describe online tests
tests knowledge regarding osteoporosis and its prevention. After each question is answered, meaningful feedback is given.
purpose of GP online professional learning activies?
increase awareness of osteoporosis, and can use knowledge to promote prevention/diagnosis/management of osteoporosis
