apush summer vocab 2 Flashcards
House of Burgesses (1619)
the first English representative government in North America that was established in July 1619 for the purpose of passing laws and maintaining order in the Jamestown colony of Virginia and other settlements that had grown up around it.
Act of Toleration (MD)
The Maryland Toleration Act was an act to let religious groups to practice their religions without getting punished, but it retained the ability to revoke that right at any time. It only granted tolerance to Christians who believed in the Trinity.
Bacon´s Rebellion
An armed rebellion from Virginian settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley. It was the first rebellion in the North American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part.
Governor Berkley
a colonial governor that was a favorite of King Charles I and was appointed by him to be one of the Lord Proprietors of Virginia.
Indentured Servants
People who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or a covenant) to work for a couple of years in exchange for journey to Virginia along with food, clothing, and shelter once there.
Headright System
A legal grant of land to settlers in the 13 colonies, and the person who gets the land also pays for importing workers.
Anne Hutchingson (1591–1643)
a Puritan religious leader and preacher that was tried and convicted for heresy. She advocated for freedom of religion and was a feminist.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut stated the powers and limits of the government, the introductory forming a confedracy under guidance from God.
Halfway Covenant
Allowed people not yet converted to the Puritan church partial membership rights.
New England Confederation
a military alliance between New England colonies of Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven, and Massachusettes Bay in the 17th century. It was formed in 1643 to provide joint military support against attacks by Native-Americans, the French, and the Dutch.
Pequot War
an armed conflict between the Pequot tribe and and an alliance of colonists from the Massachusettes Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Narragansett and Moegan tribes.
King Philip’s War
an armed conflict in 1675-1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies.
Mercantilism
economy policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports of a country. it promotes imperialism, colonialism, tariffs, and subsidies on traded goods to achieve the goal.
Specie
money in the form of coins rather than notes
Balance of Trade
balance of trade (another term: commercial balance or net exports) is the difference between the monetary value of a nation’s exports and imports over a certain time period. sometimes a difference is made between a balance of trade for goods versus one for services.
Tariff
can also be known as an import duty. it is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supernational union on import and export goods. It is a source of revenue for the government and can be a form of regulation of foreign trade and policy that taxes foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry.
Harvard (colonial times)
established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusettes Bay Colony. In 1638, the school received a printing press and it was the only one at the time in what was the United States then. they got a second one in 1659.
John Peter Zenger
a german printer and journalist in new york city that was accused of libel in 1734 by william cosby, the royal governor of new york. the jury acquitted zenger, though, and he became a symbol for freedom of the press.
libel
a published false statement that is written about a person; a written defamation
triangle trade
trade between three ports/regions. evolves when one region has exports that aren’t required in the region they get their imports from. “It thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions.”
middle passage
the stage in the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of Africans were transported to the americas as part of the triangular slave trade.
Navigation Acts (1651, 1660)
acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.
Salutary Neglect
Britain’s unofficial policy that was initiated by prime minister Robert Walpole to relax the strict enforcements of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, made on the American colonies in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusettes between February 1692 and may 1693. More than two hundred people were accused, thirty were found guilty, and ninteen were hanged.
