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BU288 > Appendix: Research in OB > Flashcards

Appendix: Research in OB Flashcards

1
Q

What is management?

A

The art of getting things accomplished in organizations through others.

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2
Q

What do many managers rely on instead of scientific evidence?

A

Obsolete knowledge, long-standing but untested traditions, personal experience, beliefs, and consultant information.

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3
Q

What is Evidence-Based Management (EBM)?

A

Organizational practices based on scientific evidence.

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4
Q

What are 3 benefits of Evidence-Based Management (EBM)?

A

1) Increases predictability
2) Increases odds of success
3) Increases your value to an organization

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5
Q

What is a theory in scientific research?

A

A theory is backed by evidence from multiple studies and explains why, how, and when variables are related.

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6
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A prediction that specifies the relationship between variables

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7
Q

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

A

Independent Variable: Predictor
Outcome, varies as a function of the independent variable

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8
Q

What is validity in measurement?

A

The extent to which a measure truly reflects what it is supposed to measure.

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9
Q

What is reliability in measurement?

A

The consistency of data; less reliability means more random error.

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10
Q

What are the types of research designs?

A

Case Studies
Observational Studies
Correlational Studies
Experimental Studies

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11
Q

What are the types of observational research?

A

Participant Observation: Researcher takes part
Direct Observation: No active participation

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12
Q

What is a correlational study?

A

A study measuring the relationship between variables without introducing changes.
* Surveys
* Interviews
* Existing (Archival) Data

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13
Q

What is an experimental study?

A

A study involving manipulation and random assignment to determine causation.
Lab or Field

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14
Q

What is a correlation coefficient (r)?

A

A measure of the strength (-1 to +1) and direction of a relationship between variables.

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15
Q

What does correlation not imply?

A

Causation. Correlation indicates association but not cause and effect.

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16
Q

What is internal validity?

A

The extent to which changes in a dependent variable are due to the independent variable.

17
Q

What is external validity?

A

The extent to which study results can generalize to other samples and settings.

18
Q

External and Internal Validity of Case study, observational study, correlational study, experimental study

A

Case study – low external validity, low internal validity
Observational study – modest external validity, modest internal validity
Correlational study - high external validity, low internal validity
Experimental study – low external validity, high internal validity

19
Q

What is a mediator variable?

A

A variable that explains why or how a relationship operates.

20
Q

What is a moderator variable?

A

A variable that explains when a relationship operates or affects its strength.

21
Q

What are common issues in research?

A

Correlation mistaken for causation
Poor measurement (low validity)
Small sample sizes
Lack of replication
Ignoring third variables

22
Q

What is convergent validity?

A

How closely a test relates to other tests measuring the same construct.

23
Q

What is discriminant validity?

A

How well a test measures the concept it was designed to measure.

24
Q

What is a cross-sectional design?

A

Independent and dependent variables measured at the same time.

25
Q

What is a longitudinal design?

A

Independent and dependent variables measured at different times.

26
Q

What is a control group in an experiment?

A

A group not exposed to the experimental treatment for comparison.

27
Q

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

A

Participants’ responses influenced by psychological factors rather than the independent variable.

28
Q

What are key threats to internal validity?

A

Selection bias
Testing effects
Instrumentation issues
Statistical regression
History effects
Maturation effects
Participant dropout

29
Q

What is a quasi-experiment?

A

A study without random assignment, limiting causal inferences.

30
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Random selection of participants from the population to increase external validity.

31
Q

Issues and Concerns in Organizational Behaviour Research

A
  1. Sampling
  2. Hawthorne effects
  3. Ethical concerns

BU288 (10 decks)

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