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api 653 chapter 8 > API 653 ASME V > Flashcards

API 653 ASME V Flashcards

1
Q

Placement of IQI what side?

A

IQIs are placed on the source side ,

If inaccessibility prevents hand-placing the IQI on the source side, it can be placed on the film side in
contact with the part being examined. If this is done, a lead letter ‘F’ must be placed adjacent to or on the IQI to show it is on the film side.

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2
Q

How are hole IQI placed?

A

Hole type IQIs can be placed adjacent to or on the weld.

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3
Q

How are wire IQI placeD?

A

Wire IQIs are placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld.

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4
Q

What is excessive backscatter?

A

Backscatter is a term given to the effect of scattering of the X or gamma rays,leading to an unclear image

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5
Q

How to determine if backscatter is acceptable/unacceptable?

A
  1. acceptable - dark image of ‘B’ on a lighter background is acceptable
  2. unacceptable - light image of the lead symbol ‘B’ appears on a darker background
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6
Q

What is geometric unsharpness?

A

Geometric unsharpness is a numerical value related to the ‘fuzziness’ of a radiographic image

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7
Q

What is IQI used for?

A

radiograph to be deemed ‘sensitive enough’ to show the defects

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8
Q

What needs to be visible for hole type/wire type ?

A

■For a hole type IQI: the designated hole IQI image and the 2T hole
■For a wire type IQI: the designated wire
■IQI identifying numbers and letters

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9
Q

What are the 3 PT type?

A
  • Water washable
  • Post-emulsifying (not water based but will wash off with water)
  • Solvent removable
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10
Q

2 penetrant types?

A

visible or fluorescent)

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11
Q

The area of interest, and adjacent surfaces within_____, need to be prepared and degreased
so that indications open to the surface are not obscured

A

1 inch (25 mm)

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12
Q

temperature of the penetrant and the surface of the part to be processed must be between

A

40⁰F (5⁰C) and 125⁰F (52⁰C) throughout the examination period.

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13
Q

PT Exam technique steps(5)

A
  1. Use cleaner and dry with rags/air
  2. Apply penetrant (1dwell time table)
  3. Use cleaner again
  4. Apply developer
  5. Made with 10-60 mins after develop dries
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14
Q

Black lights shall achieve a minimum of

A

1000 μW/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined throughout the examination.

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15
Q

where is the ‘backscatter indicator’ lead letter

‘B’ placed?

A

On the back of the film holder

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16
Q

Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect:

A

Surface breaking discontinuities

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17
Q

MT used for? what type of cracks

A

used to detect cracks and other discontinuities on or near the surfaces of ferromagnetic materials

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18
Q

Maximum sensitivity is achieved

A

when linear discontinuities are orientated perpendicular to the lines of magnetic flux.

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19
Q

For optimum effectiveness in detecting all types of discontinuities,

A

each area should therefore be examined at least twice,

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20
Q

Prod spacing must not exceed

A

8”

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21
Q

but prod spacing of _________ are usually

not practical due to ‘banding’ of the magnetic particles around the prods.

A

less than 3 in (76 mm)

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22
Q

the magnetizing procedure for the prod technique

A

Magnetization is accomplished by pressing portable prod type electrical contacts against the surface in the area to be examined.

To avoid arcing, a remote control switch, which may be built into the prod handles, must be provided to allow the current to be turned on after the prods have been properly positioned

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23
Q

MT yoke technique method?

A

method must only be used (either with AC or DC electromagnetic yokes or permanent magnet yokes) to detect discontinuities that are surface
breaking on the component.

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24
Q

magnetic field strength ?

A

the applied magnetic field must have sufficient
strength to produce satisfactory indications, but it must not be so strong that it causes the masking of relevant indications by non-relevant accumulations of magnetic particles

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25
Factors that influence the required field strength include: (5)
Size, shape and material permeability of the part The magnetization technique Coatings The method of particle application The type and location of discontinuities to be detected
26
The ferromagnetic particles used as an examination medium can be either (2)
wet or dry, and may be either fluorescent or colour contrast:
27
UT temp limit for std equipment?
temperature not to exceed 200⁰F
28
UT uses what ?
pulse echo
29
Magnetic field strength can be verified by using one or more of the following (3)
Method 1: T-764.1.1: pie-shaped magnetic particle field indicator Method 2: T-764.1.2: artificial flaw shims Method 3: T-764.1.3 hall effect tangential-field probe
30
Which types of magnetizing current can be used with the prod technique?
DC or rectified
31
If the equipment is calibrated at ambient temperature, the apparent thickness reading displayed at an elevated temperature should be:
Reduced by 1 % per 100⁰F
32
Which types of magnetizing current can be used with the yoke technique?
AC / DC
33
What is pulse echo?
measures the transit time of the ultrasonic pulse through the part
34
What are the display element?
A-scan display, meter, or digital display
35
Thickness-measurement instruments are | divided into three groups:
(1) Flaw detectors with an A-scan display readout, (2) Flaw detectors with an A-scan numeric readout (3) Direct thickness readout.
36
formula for UT?
T=Vt2
37
Two ‘calibration’ blocks should be used for what?
one approximately the maximum thickness that the thickness meter will be measuring and the other the minimum thickness.
38
What is Direct thickness readout.?
modified versions of the pulse-echo instrument. The elapsed time between the initial pulse and the first echo or between multiple echoes is converted into a meter or digital readout.
39
What is Flaw detectors with an A-scan | numeric readout
are a combination pulse ultrasound flaw detection instrument with an A-scan display and additional circuitry that provides digital thickness information. The material thickness can be electronically measured and presented on a digital readout.
40
What is Flaw detectors with an A-scan | display readout?
Thickness determinations are made by reading the distance between the zero-corrected initial pulse and first-returned echo (back reflection), or between multiple-back reflection echoes, on a standardized base line of the A-scan display.
41
What kind of calibration for MT?
1. frequency - once/year (if not used more than one year needs calibration prior to use) 2. Procedure - once/year (comparative reading shall be taken for at least 3 different current output levels) 3. tolerance - not deviate more than +/- of full scale
42
MT exam preparation
1. check of the examination surface shall be conducted to locate any surface discontinuity openings which may not attract and hold magnetic particles because of their width 2. At least two separate examinations shall be performed on each area.
43
Dry particles
magnetizing current remains on while the examination medium is being applied and excess of the examination medium is removed. Remove the excess particles with a light air stream from a bulb, syringe or air hose
44
Wet particles
magnetizing current will be turned on after applying the particles. Wet particles from aerosol spray cans may be applied before and/or after magnetization. Wet particles can be applied during magnetization as long as they are not applied with sufficient velocity to dislodge accumulated particles.
45
RT identification?
Radiographs have to contain unique traceable permanent identification, along with the identity of the manufacturer and date of radiograph. The information need not be an image that actually appears on the radiograph itself
46
RT Location markers?
which shall appear as radiographic images on the radiograph, shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette.
47
RT required marking? (5)
1. manufacturer symbol name 2. date of RT 3. weld number 4. component 5. contract
48
Type selection number and placement of IQIS?
1. IQI or pentameter (penny is used), penny is used to determine the sensitivity. 2. determine thickness (thickness + reinforcement thickness) 3. For wire type place directly across (perpendicular) to weld. 4. for Hole IQI place on the source side Put F if cannot be on source side.
49
What is sensitivity for RT?
defined as smallest or thinnest material change that a RT reveals. measure the quality of an image to reveal the defects.
50
location markers for RT placement
Placed on the part not on the exposure holder/cassette. Their location should be marked on the surface of the part being radiograph. Does not interfere with area to be interpreted.
51
backscatter radiation symbol and size and location
lead symbol B with min 1/2" H, and 1/16" in thickness shall be attached to the BACK of each film holder. (B seen in film is no good)
52
Density limitations? (5)
1. Max density is 4.0 for single / composite viewing 2. area of interest 1.8 is min with X ray source 3. area of interest 2.0 is min with Gamma ray source 4. composite viewing of multiple film, each should have a min of 1.3 5. tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed between densitometer readings
53
what is densitometer/step wedge
measure amount of light traveled, film is placed between the light source and the sensor and a density reading is produced.
54
Record keeping of LP? (8)
1. procedure identification and revision 2. liquid penetrant type 3. type of each penetrant, penetrant remove, emulsifier, and developer 4. examine personnel identity 5. map or record of indications 6. material and thickness 7. lightening 8. date
55
PT ideal temp
40F to 125F
56
how often should a densitometer be calibrated?
every 3 months
57
density variation of radiograph?
-15% - (+)30%
58
what must be verified to assure the penetrant materials are acceptable for SS?
manufacturers certification of contaminant content for all liquid penetrant materials
59
When to reject excessive back scatter
WHEN light image of B appears on a darker background
60
visual inspection lightening for a piping weld requirement
100 foot candles
61
vision test how often?
annually
62
testing restriction on dye penetration (2)
1. intermixing of penetrant materials from diff families is not permitted 2. Florescent exam shall not follow a color contrast test
63
when examiner is performing a wet particle exam, when can particle be applied by aerosol spray?
Aero spray should be spray before/after during magnetizing current application
64
when examiner is performing a wet particle exam, when can you apply particle direct to examination area?
magnetizing current shall be turned on after the particle have been applied
65
when dial type indicating and recording pressure gauges are used to monitor leak testing, what is the max gauged range shall not exceed1
1.5 x
66
provide acceptable evidence that a RT example technique is accordance
Proof IQI and density are within acceptable limits
67
min exposure for a RT DWE/SWV (single wall viewing)
3
68
DWV is limited to what pipe size?
3.5"
69
What are shim dimension when perform with ahold type IQI?
at least 3 side of IQI image shall be visible
70
final interpretation of a PT exam conducted when?
not less than 10 min after dry developer is applied. nor more than 60 min after dry developer is dry
71
When performing LP/ MP, adjacent area shall be clean, how many inches?
1"
72
MP exam with a black light, the intensity of the black light shall be verified?
prior and after completion
73
UT reference blocks are used
with known velocity or of the same material to be examined
74
When performing UT thickness on high temp material, the reading is ...
1% / 100F (too high/too thick)
75
B should be what dimension
7/16 H x 1/16 T
76
MP exam black light intensity?
not less than 1000 uW/cm2
77
weight use to check the lifting power of magnetic yokes
shall have the weight stenciled on the weight PRIOR to use
78
MP AC current on yoke (10)
10lbs
79
MP DC current/ permanent
40 lbs
80
dial indicating pressure gages calibrated
at least once a year
81
density limitation (5)
1. wire type 1.8 min for SV 2. 2.0 for gamma ray source 3. composite set density min is 1.3 4. max is 4.0 for single/composite viewing 5. tolerance of 0.05 in density
82
shims in Rt should be placed, and material shall be
between the part and IQI, and shall be radiographically similar to the weld material
83
localized scanning search to detect in remaining wall, the scanning speed should be
stated in the procedure
84
when using hole type IQI, what hole must be visible
2T

api 653 chapter 8 (36 decks)

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