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api 653 chapter 8 > API 653 API 577 > Flashcards

API 653 API 577 Flashcards

1
Q

P number

A

group comparable base metal characteristic such as composition, weldability and mechanical properties (reduce # of procedure qualification)

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2
Q

F numbers

A

electrodes/welding rods group by usability characteristics

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3
Q

F numbers

A

electrodes/welding rods group by usability characteristics (reduce number of welding procedure and performance qualifications)

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4
Q

A number

A

steel and steel alloy filler metals are grouped

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5
Q

A number

A

based on chemical composition of weld metal (minimize # of welding procedure qualifications)

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6
Q

How to minimize burn through?

A

first weld pass to equipment or piping less than 1/4” thick should be made with 3/32” or smaller diameter welding electrode

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7
Q

low h2 electrodes are ending

A

ending 5,6,8

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8
Q

What is a nonconformancs?

A

defects

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9
Q

What action to be taken for non conformance depends on?

A

depends on the nature of the nonconformance and its impact on the properties

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10
Q

tasks that a welding inspector should perform?

A

task prior to welding, during welding and upon completion of welding

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11
Q

VI min lightening?

A

100 foot candles / 1000 lux

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12
Q

welder who qualify with one filler metal can?

A

well all filler metal having same F number and MAYBE lower F numbers with backing limitiation

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13
Q

SMAW electrode identification

A

EXXXX (XX - strength, x position - x coating )

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14
Q

GMAW/GTAW electrode identification

A

ERXXS (S stand for solid wire), (XX Strength)

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15
Q

(min/max) welding on in-service piping the flow rate should be

A

min is 1.3 ft/s , max is based on process temperature

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16
Q

SMAW

A

shielded metal arc welding, creates an arc between a covered consumable electrode and the weld pool. WITH FLUX

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17
Q

GMAW arc ?

A

Gas metal arc welding, produces an arc between a continuously fed filler metal electrode and weld pool.
GLOBAL Transfer

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18
Q

SMAW is what process

A

manual with flux

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19
Q

Which has a low tolerance for contaminants for filler/base metals

A

GTAW

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20
Q

SMAW deposition rates

A

lower than for other processes such as GMAW

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21
Q

advantages of SMAW (5)

A
  1. equipment is relatively simple, not expensive and portable
  2. used in areas of limited access
  3. process is less sensitive to wind and draft
  4. most suitable for commonly used metals and alloys
  5. level of training and experience is lower than others.
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22
Q

welding consumables becomes slightly damp?

A

can dry in a separate special oven

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23
Q

calibration for UT with what temp?

A

with 25F of the part to be examined

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24
Q

What is an autogenous weld?

A

fusion weld made without filler metal

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25
Q

Define HAZ

A

portion of base metal whose mechanical properties have been altered by the heat of welding, brazing, soldering, thermal cutting

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26
Q

Definite peening

A

Mechanical working of metals using impact blows.

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27
Q

Which is most widely use arc?

A

SMAW

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28
Q

How is shielding obtain in SMAW?

A

Shielding is provided by the decomposition of the electrode coating,

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29
Q

electrode covering? (5)

A
  1. prevent excessive atm condition
  2. prevent excessive grain growth
  3. influence operability
  4. enhance mechanical properties
  5. increase deposition efficiency
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30
Q

SMAW limitations? (2)

A
  1. deposition rates are lower

2. slag must be removed from every deposited weld pass

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31
Q

GTAW

A

gas tungsten arc welding, arc created between non consumable electrode and weld pool

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32
Q

type of current and polarity used for GTAW?

A

DCEN

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33
Q

Advantages of GTAW? (5)

A
  1. produces high purity welds
  2. requires little postweld cleaning
  3. allow for excellent control of root pass
  4. used with or without filler metals
  5. produces a relatively defect and contaminant free root passes
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34
Q

Limitations of GTAW (4)

A
  1. low deposition rates
  2. low tolerance for contaminants even than SMAW
  3. difficulty in shielding the weld zone properly
  4. greater operator skill
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35
Q

GMAW how is shielding accomplish?

A

shielding gas

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36
Q

GmAW-S stand for?

A

short circuiting mode,

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37
Q

GMAW-s high potential of causing?

A

lack of sidewall fusion

38
Q

advantages of GMAW

A
  1. only consumable electrode process that used most common metal/alloys
  2. depositing rate high than SMAW and GTAW
  3. minimal post weld cleaning is required
39
Q

Limitation of GMAW?

A
  1. welding equipment is more complex, costly, and less portable
  2. welding arc must be protected by air drafts
  3. GMAW-S is more susceptible lack of fusion
40
Q

FCAW?

A

flux contained arc welding, continuously fed tubular electrode

41
Q

advantages of FCAW (5)

A
  1. metallurgical benefits derived from the alloying element in the flux
  2. slag that supports and shapes the weld bead (allows for a lower cooling rates)
  3. high deposition that SMAW and GTAW
  4. shielding produced at the surface of the weld that makes it more tolerant of stronger air currents than GMAW
42
Q

limitation of FCAW? (5)

A
  1. more complex, costly, less portable than SMAW
  2. self shielding generate large volume of welding fumes
  3. slag must be removed between weld passes
  4. backing material is required for root pass welding
  5. shelf shield is typically not recommend for pressure contain welds
43
Q

SAW

A

Submerged arc welding, arc between a flux covered bare metal electrode and weld pool

44
Q

SAW shielded by

A

blanket of granular flux covering the arc and molten metal

45
Q

Advantage of SAW? (2)

A
  1. provides high metal deposition rates

2. produce repeatable high quality welds for large weldments

46
Q

limitation of SAW? (4)

A
  1. power supply cable of providing high amp at 100% duty cycle
  2. weld is not visible during the welding process
  3. equipment costly, extensive
  4. process is limited to shop application and flat positions
47
Q

why should lower h2 electrode be stored away from electrode with higher h2 content?

A

to prevent absorption of h2 from the high h2 electrodes

48
Q

If electrodes are wet , what to do?

A

discard them

49
Q

why is moisture a concern with low h2 electrodes

A
  1. covered electrodes to become unstable

2. moisture can be source of hydrogen

50
Q

what is susceptible to moisture pickup?

A
  1. low h2 electrodes

2. SS electrodes

51
Q

For welders, a minimum of ______length of the first production weld must be examined for performance
qualification, while a minimum of _____length must be examined for welding operators.

A

6 in. (150 mm) / 36” (3ft)

52
Q

What is addressed on the WPQ ( welder performance qualification)

A

essential variables

53
Q

GTAW welding process is qualified, any other processed welder is qualified for

A

NO OTHER just GTAW

54
Q

who must supervise and control the welding of the WPQ coupon

A

employer of the welder

55
Q

WPS/PQR/WPQ format

A

not fixed provided it addresses (everything)

56
Q

best results for MT?

A

when the lines of flux are perpendicular to the discontinuity.

57
Q

MT overlap requirement?

A

at least 2”

58
Q

When to use WFMT

A

for added sensitivity

59
Q

ACFM technique?

A

alternative current field measurement, non contacting technique used for complex geometries.

60
Q

ACFM(3)

A
  1. minimal surface preparation
  2. elevate temp up to 900F
  3. less sensitive and more prone to errors than WFMT
61
Q

ET eddy current?(3)

A
  1. subsurface discontinuities
  2. surface imperfections
  3. measure thickness of coating / cladding thickness
62
Q

What exposure technique should be used when possible?

A

single wall exposure

63
Q

double wall viewing is limited to what size? (ellipse type) and # of exposure?

A

<3.5” , min 2 at 90 degree

64
Q

shear wave in UT is used for ?

A

detecting discontinuities in welds

65
Q

how often UT instrument be calibrated?

A

Prior to use and after used

66
Q

UT overlap?

A

previous pass by 10% of the dimension of the transducer

67
Q

Pressure test should be held for?

A

30 mins or long enough for a thorough inspection to be completed

68
Q

why shielding gas is protected by argon / nitrogen?

A

minimize the formation of oxides that could effect the corrosion resistance of the weld

69
Q

high electrical conductivity = high thermal conductivity

A

means more heat input to melt (poor conductor of heat = less heat)

70
Q

welds are ____dense than wrought steel

A

less dense

71
Q

concerns when welding in piping?

A

burn through / cracking

72
Q

Ut examine what is temp variable allowed?

A

25F

73
Q

welder performance qualification expires?

A

not used during any 6 month period

74
Q

welding is most similar to

A

a casting

75
Q

what is toughness?

A

ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically

76
Q

LP can detect ?

A

surface imperfections

77
Q

MT can detect

A

surface and near subsurface

78
Q

UT can detect

A

surface and subsurface

79
Q

ET

A

surface and some subsurface

80
Q

impact test test for?

A

toughness

81
Q

why AWS classification are assigned to electrodes ?

A

means to identify filler metals for welding procedures

82
Q

Most used NDE for inspection of welds?

A

VI

83
Q

how to do MT?

A

yolk place perpendicular to the weld

84
Q

grain size can be kept small if (2)

A
  1. max rate of cooling

2. slow heat input

85
Q

foreign weld metals is called

A

inclusions

86
Q

if defect found during welding , what to do?

A

correct before welding further

87
Q

CUI prevention is best achieved

A

by coating/insulation barriers

88
Q

penetrating a thin component with the welding arc while hot tap is called

A

burn through

89
Q

crack

A

fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length to width

90
Q

defect that can caused y residual magnetic field?

A

arc blow - Deflection of an arc from its normal path due to by magnetic forces.

91
Q

AWS classification purpose

A

provide a means to identify filler metals for the welding process

api 653 chapter 8 (36 decks)

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