AP11 - The Knee, ankle, and foot

Question 1

What is the patella connected to?

Answer 1

quadriceps femoris tendon

patella ligament

Question 2

What are the 2 main articulations of the knee?

Answer 2

tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

Question 3

What does the patellofemoral articulation allow?

Answer 3

tendon of the quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee, increasing the efficiency of the muscle

reduces friction

Question 4

What menisci are present in the knee?

Answer 4

fibrocartilage, median and lateral aspects on the tibia

Question 5

What are the 2 main functions of the menisci of the knee?

Answer 5

depeens articular surface of tibia, increasing stability

shock absorption

Question 6

What is the significance of the structure of the median meniscus?

Answer 6

it is attached to the MCL, so MCL damage usually results in medial meniscal damage

Question 7

Which menisci is bigger?

Answer 7

the medial meniscus

Question 8

What are the 4 bursae in the knee?

Answer 8

suprapatella
prepatela
infrapatella
semimembranous

Question 9

What form the genicular anastomoses?

Answer 9

femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 10

Where is the suprapatellar bursae?

Answer 10

between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

Question 11

Where is the prepatellar bursae?

Answer 11

between the apex of the patella and skin

Question 12

Where is the infrapatellae bursa?

Answer 12

either side of the patella tendon

it has superficial and deep parts

Question 13

Where is the semimembranous bursa?

Answer 13

posterior to the knee (popliteal fossa), between semimembranous muscle and medial head of gastrocnemius)

Question 14

Which ligaments are on the medial side of the ankle?

Answer 14

The Deltoid Ligament
deep - posterior tibiotalar ligament, anterior tibiotalar ligament
superficial - tibiocalcaneal ligament, tibioavicular ligament

Question 15

What does the deltoid ligament do?

Answer 15

prevents over-eversion of the foot

Question 16

What ligaments are on the lateral aspect of the ankle?

Answer 16

anterior talofibular
posteroir talofibular
calcaneofibular

Question 17

What 3 muscles are in the superficial posterior leg compartment?

Answer 17

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

Question 18

What does gastrocnemius do?

Answer 18

plantarflexion, flexes knee

Question 19

Which 4 muscles are in the deep posterior leg compartment?

Answer 19

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

Question 20

What does popliteus do?

Answer 20

forms base of popliteal fossa

laterally rotates the femur

Question 21

What does tibialis posterior do?

Answer 21

plantarflexion

inverts foot

Question 22

name the 4 muscles in the anterior comartment of the leg

Answer 22

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

Question 23

What does fibularis tertius do?

Answer 23

arises from inferior part of EDl, and is hence not present in all individuals

eversion and dorsiflexion

Question 24

What 2 muscles are in the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 24

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

Question 25

What nerve innervates the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 25

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 26

What nerve innervates the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 26

deep sciatic nerve

Question 27

What nerve innervates the posterior leg compartment?

Answer 27

sciatic nerve

Question 28

What two nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot?

Answer 28

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 29

How might the intrinsic muscles of the foot be divided?

Answer 29

dorsal and plantar aspect

Question 30

What muscles are in the 1st layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 30

abductor hallucis absuctor digit minimi flexor digitorum brevis (plantar aponeurosis)

Question 31

Whar muscles are in the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 31

quadratus plantae | lumbricals

Question 32

What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 32

flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 33

What muscles are in the 4th layer of the sole of the foot

Answer 33

dorsal and plantar interosssei (kinda not really)

Question 34

Which of the plantar inerossei and dorsal interossei are unipennate and bipennate?

Answer 34

plantar interossei - unipennate | dorsal interossei - bipennate

Question 35

What does the popliteal artery split into?

Answer 35

``` Anterior tibial artery tibioperoneal trunk (posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery) ```

Question 36

Which tendons run under the lateral malleolus?

Answer 36

fibularis longus | fibularis brevis

Question 37

Which tendons runs under the medial malleolus?

Answer 37

tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

Question 38

What 2 main muscle groups occupy the anterior thigh compartment?

Answer 38

``` iliopsoas (2) Quadriceps femoris (4) ```

Question 39

What is the isliopsoas made of?

Answer 39

psoas major | iliacus

Question 40

What is the quadriceps femoris made of?

Answer 40

vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis rectus femoris

Question 41

Name 3 muscles in the posterior thigh compartment

Answer 41

semimembranosus semitendonosus biceps femoris

Question 42

How is the knee stronger when locked?

Answer 42

reduces muscle work to stand medial rotation of femur tightens ligaments broader articulation surfaces body centre of gravity over the knee

Question 43

Which muscle 'unlocks' the knee?

Answer 43

popliteus, by initiating lateral rotation of the femur

Question 44

Which movements are possible at the ankle?

Answer 44

dorsiflexion and platarflexion

Question 45

which movements are possible at the subtalar joint?

Answer 45

inversion and eversion

Question 46

Which branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the dorsiflexors?

Answer 46

deep peroneal nerve

Question 47

Which branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the plantarflexors?

Answer 47

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 48

Which bone of the foot is palpebral?

Answer 48

navicular bone

Question 49

What are the names of the arches of the foot?

Answer 49

anterior transverse arch lateral longitudinal arch medial longitudinal arch

Question 50

What is a lisfranc injury?

Answer 50

metatarsal bones displaced from the tarsals