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2 MJM > AP11 - The Knee, ankle, and foot > Flashcards

AP11 - The Knee, ankle, and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the patella connected to?

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

patella ligament

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2
Q

What are the 2 main articulations of the knee?

A

tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

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3
Q

What does the patellofemoral articulation allow?

A

tendon of the quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee, increasing the efficiency of the muscle

reduces friction

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4
Q

What menisci are present in the knee?

A

fibrocartilage, median and lateral aspects on the tibia

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5
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the menisci of the knee?

A

depeens articular surface of tibia, increasing stability

shock absorption

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6
Q

What is the significance of the structure of the median meniscus?

A

it is attached to the MCL, so MCL damage usually results in medial meniscal damage

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7
Q

Which menisci is bigger?

A

the medial meniscus

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8
Q

What are the 4 bursae in the knee?

A

suprapatella
prepatela
infrapatella
semimembranous

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9
Q

What form the genicular anastomoses?

A

femoral and popliteal arteries

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10
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursae?

A

between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

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11
Q

Where is the prepatellar bursae?

A

between the apex of the patella and skin

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12
Q

Where is the infrapatellae bursa?

A

either side of the patella tendon

it has superficial and deep parts

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13
Q

Where is the semimembranous bursa?

A

posterior to the knee (popliteal fossa), between semimembranous muscle and medial head of gastrocnemius)

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14
Q

Which ligaments are on the medial side of the ankle?

A

The Deltoid Ligament
deep - posterior tibiotalar ligament, anterior tibiotalar ligament
superficial - tibiocalcaneal ligament, tibioavicular ligament

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15
Q

What does the deltoid ligament do?

A

prevents over-eversion of the foot

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16
Q

What ligaments are on the lateral aspect of the ankle?

A

anterior talofibular
posteroir talofibular
calcaneofibular

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17
Q

What 3 muscles are in the superficial posterior leg compartment?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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18
Q

What does gastrocnemius do?

A

plantarflexion, flexes knee

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19
Q

Which 4 muscles are in the deep posterior leg compartment?

A

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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20
Q

What does popliteus do?

A

forms base of popliteal fossa

laterally rotates the femur

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21
Q

What does tibialis posterior do?

A

plantarflexion

inverts foot

22
Q

name the 4 muscles in the anterior comartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

23
Q

What does fibularis tertius do?

A

arises from inferior part of EDl, and is hence not present in all individuals

eversion and dorsiflexion

24
Q

What 2 muscles are in the lateral leg compartment?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

25
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral leg compartment?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

26
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior leg compartment?

A

deep sciatic nerve

27
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior leg compartment?

A

sciatic nerve

28
Q

What two nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

29
Q

How might the intrinsic muscles of the foot be divided?

A

dorsal and plantar aspect

30
Q

What muscles are in the 1st layer of the sole of the foot?

A

abductor hallucis
absuctor digit minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
(plantar aponeurosis)

31
Q

Whar muscles are in the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot?

A

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

32
Q

What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

33
Q

What muscles are in the 4th layer of the sole of the foot

A

dorsal and plantar interosssei (kinda not really)

34
Q

Which of the plantar inerossei and dorsal interossei are unipennate and bipennate?

A

plantar interossei - unipennate

dorsal interossei - bipennate

35
Q

What does the popliteal artery split into?

A 
Anterior tibial artery
tibioperoneal trunk (posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery)
36
Q

Which tendons run under the lateral malleolus?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

37
Q

Which tendons runs under the medial malleolus?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

38
Q

What 2 main muscle groups occupy the anterior thigh compartment?

A 
iliopsoas (2)
Quadriceps femoris (4)
39
Q

What is the isliopsoas made of?

A

psoas major

iliacus

40
Q

What is the quadriceps femoris made of?

A

vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
rectus femoris

41
Q

Name 3 muscles in the posterior thigh compartment

A

semimembranosus
semitendonosus
biceps femoris

42
Q

How is the knee stronger when locked?

A

reduces muscle work to stand

medial rotation of femur tightens ligaments

broader articulation surfaces
body centre of gravity over the knee

43
Q

Which muscle ‘unlocks’ the knee?

A

popliteus, by initiating lateral rotation of the femur

44
Q

Which movements are possible at the ankle?

A

dorsiflexion and platarflexion

45
Q

which movements are possible at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

46
Q

Which branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the dorsiflexors?

A

deep peroneal nerve

47
Q

Which branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the plantarflexors?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

48
Q

Which bone of the foot is palpebral?

A

navicular bone

49
Q

What are the names of the arches of the foot?

A

anterior transverse arch
lateral longitudinal arch
medial longitudinal arch

50
Q

What is a lisfranc injury?

A

metatarsal bones displaced from the tarsals

2 MJM (28 decks)

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