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2 MJM > AP08 - trunk and pelvic floor > Flashcards

AP08 - trunk and pelvic floor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the antero-lateral abdominal wall?

A 
skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
deep fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

What is the difference between camper’s and scarpa’s fascia?

A

camper’s - fattty

scarpa’s - deep membranous

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3
Q

Where does the external oblique attach?

A

originates ribs 5-12, inserts into iliac crest and pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What does the aponeurosis of the external oblique form?

A

the linea alba

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5
Q

What are the openings of the inguinal canal?

A

superficial inguinal ring

deep inguinal ring

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6
Q

what is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique

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7
Q

what is the deep inguinal ring?

A

opening in transversalis fascia

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8
Q

What nature of the inguinal region prevents herniation?

A

the oblique angle of the inguinal ligament

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9
Q

What two holes penetrate the pelvic floor?

A

urogenital hiatus

rectal hiatus

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10
Q

name 3 functions of the muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

support of viscera
resistance to pressure
urinary and faecal incontinence

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11
Q

What 3 collections of muscles are in the levator ani?

A

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

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12
Q

What is levator ani innervated by?

A

anterior ramus of S4

bracnhes of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)q

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13
Q

How does the rectus sheath look superiorly?

A

the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis passes underneath the abdominal rectus, and that of the internal oblique surounds the rectus abdominus

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14
Q

How does the rectus sheath look inferiorly?

A

all the aponeuroses pass anteriorly to the rectus abdominus

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15
Q

What is the relationship between the spermatic chord and the inguinal canal?

A

The inguinal canal is the embryological pathway for the migration of the testes.

the layers of the spermatic chord are analogous to the antero-lateral abdominal wall, which it punches through

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16
Q

Name 4 potential contents of the inguinal canal

A

spermatic chord (males, and hence neurovascular and reproductive structures)

round ligaments (females)

ilioinguinal nerve

genital branch of
genitofemoral nerve

17
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

only present in females

connects the uterine horn and labia majora

18
Q

What is the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

provies sensory innervation to the genitalia

19
Q

What is odd about the passage of the ilioinguinal nerve through the inguinal ring?

A

it exits through the superficial inguinal ring, with no association with the deep inguinal ring

20
Q

What comprises the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique, reingforced by internal oblque

21
Q

What compromises the posterior wall ofthe inguiuinal canal?

A

the transversalis fascia

22
Q

What comprises the floor of the inguiinal canal?

A 
inguinal ligaments (with lacunar ligament)
rolled free border of the external oblique
23
Q

What comprises the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fasia…. alll those muscles

conjoint tendon

24
Q

What are the attchment points of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS

pubic tubercle

25
Q

Name the 3 bony components of the pelvis

A

pubis
ischium
ilium

26
Q

What is the hip socket called?

A

acetabulum

27
Q

what do the pubis and ischium form?

A

the obturator foramen

28
Q

What bony structure do we sit on?

A

ischial tuberosities

29
Q

Which 2 important ligaments attach to the ischium?

A

sacrospinous ligament

sacrotuberous ligament

30
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament form?

A

greater sciatic foramen

31
Q

What does the sacrotuberous ligament form?

A

the lesser sciatic foramen

32
Q

What 2 triangles are associated with the pelvic diaphragm?

What divides them?

A

urogenital triangle
anal triangle

the perineum

33
Q

How might the perineum be damaged?

A

ruptured during childbirth

leads to uterine prolapse and other stuffs

34
Q

What are the borders of hasselbach’s triangle?

A

medial - rectus abdominis
lateral - inferior epigastric vessels
inferior - inguinal ligament

35
Q

Where would a direct hernia occur?

A

through hasselbach’s triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels

36
Q

Where would an indirect hernia occur?

A

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

37
Q

What are the contents of the inguiunal canal?

A

Males
Spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve

Females
round ligament
ilioinguinal nerve

2 MJM (28 decks)

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