AP08 - trunk and pelvic floor

Question 1

What are the layers of the antero-lateral abdominal wall?

Answer 1

skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
deep fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum

Question 2

What is the difference between camper’s and scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 2

camper’s - fattty

scarpa’s - deep membranous

Question 3

Where does the external oblique attach?

Answer 3

originates ribs 5-12, inserts into iliac crest and pubic tubercle

Question 4

What does the aponeurosis of the external oblique form?

Answer 4

the linea alba

Question 5

What are the openings of the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

superficial inguinal ring

deep inguinal ring

Question 6

what is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 6

triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique

Question 7

what is the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 7

opening in transversalis fascia

Question 8

What nature of the inguinal region prevents herniation?

Answer 8

the oblique angle of the inguinal ligament

Question 9

What two holes penetrate the pelvic floor?

Answer 9

urogenital hiatus

rectal hiatus

Question 10

name 3 functions of the muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 10

support of viscera
resistance to pressure
urinary and faecal incontinence

Question 11

What 3 collections of muscles are in the levator ani?

Answer 11

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

Question 12

What is levator ani innervated by?

Answer 12

anterior ramus of S4

bracnhes of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)q

Question 13

How does the rectus sheath look superiorly?

Answer 13

the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis passes underneath the abdominal rectus, and that of the internal oblique surounds the rectus abdominus

Question 14

How does the rectus sheath look inferiorly?

Answer 14

all the aponeuroses pass anteriorly to the rectus abdominus

Question 15

What is the relationship between the spermatic chord and the inguinal canal?

Answer 15

The inguinal canal is the embryological pathway for the migration of the testes.

the layers of the spermatic chord are analogous to the antero-lateral abdominal wall, which it punches through

Question 16

Name 4 potential contents of the inguinal canal

Answer 16

spermatic chord (males, and hence neurovascular and reproductive structures)

round ligaments (females)

ilioinguinal nerve

genital branch of
genitofemoral nerve

Question 17

What is the round ligament?

Answer 17

only present in females

connects the uterine horn and labia majora

Question 18

What is the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 18

provies sensory innervation to the genitalia

Question 19

What is odd about the passage of the ilioinguinal nerve through the inguinal ring?

Answer 19

it exits through the superficial inguinal ring, with no association with the deep inguinal ring

Question 20

What comprises the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 20

aponeurosis of external oblique, reingforced by internal oblque

Question 21

What compromises the posterior wall ofthe inguiuinal canal?

Answer 21

the transversalis fascia

Question 22

What comprises the floor of the inguiinal canal?

Answer 22

inguinal ligaments (with lacunar ligament)
rolled free border of the external oblique

Question 23

What comprises the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 23

transversalis fasia…. alll those muscles

conjoint tendon

Question 24

What are the attchment points of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 24

ASIS

pubic tubercle

Question 25

Name the 3 bony components of the pelvis

Answer 25

pubis ischium ilium

Question 26

What is the hip socket called?

Answer 26

acetabulum

Question 27

what do the pubis and ischium form?

Answer 27

the obturator foramen

Question 28

What bony structure do we sit on?

Answer 28

ischial tuberosities

Question 29

Which 2 important ligaments attach to the ischium?

Answer 29

sacrospinous ligament | sacrotuberous ligament

Question 30

What does the sacrospinous ligament form?

Answer 30

greater sciatic foramen

Question 31

What does the sacrotuberous ligament form?

Answer 31

the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 32

What 2 triangles are associated with the pelvic diaphragm? What divides them?

Answer 32

urogenital triangle anal triangle the perineum

Question 33

How might the perineum be damaged?

Answer 33

ruptured during childbirth leads to uterine prolapse and other stuffs

Question 34

What are the borders of hasselbach's triangle?

Answer 34

medial - rectus abdominis lateral - inferior epigastric vessels inferior - inguinal ligament

Question 35

Where would a direct hernia occur?

Answer 35

through hasselbach's triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 36

Where would an indirect hernia occur?

Answer 36

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 37

What are the contents of the inguiunal canal?

Answer 37

Males Spermatic cord ilioinguinal nerve Females round ligament ilioinguinal nerve