AP World Unit 3

Question 1

What were gunpowder empires?

Answer 1

land-based, each was expanding geographically, main cause was gunpowder

Question 2

Describe the Ottoman empire.

Answer 2

Islamic, founded after the Mongol empire died, grew rapidly because of dardanelles, and because of adoption and development of gunpowder weapons

Question 3

Describe the Safavid Empire

Answer 3

the leader is Ismail who declared it a Shi’a muslim state, conflict between ottoman and mughal empires because they were the other form of muslim, also expanded because of gunpowder and took some territory from the ottoman empire

Question 4

Describe the Mughal empire

Answer 4

replaced the Delhi sultanate, led by Babur, expanded military with gunpowder, Babur’s grandson, Akbar, a masterful administrator, most prosperous empire of the 1500’s

Question 5

Describe the Qing Dynasty

Answer 5

established by Manchu, gunpowder!!, internal divisons broke the ming dynasty and brough the qing dynasty, the Manchu were NOT ethnically Han, uniike the ming dynasty before them

Question 6

What were the four major empires during 1450-1750 and what did they clash over?

Answer 6

Qing Dynasty, Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Safavid Empire, they clashed over political and religious ideas

Question 7

What was the Safavid-Mughal conflict?

Answer 7

a series of wars over Persian gulf, erupted because of religion (Shi’a vs Sunni)

Question 8

What was the Songhai-Moroccan Conflict?

Answer 8

Morocco saw Songai’s weakness due to internal problems and wanted more control of the trade routes, morocco won because they had gunpowder

Question 9

What does it mean to legitimize power?

Answer 9

refers to the methods the ruler uses to communicate to all their subjects

Question 10

What does it mean to consolidate power?

Answer 10

measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups and claim it for him or herself

Question 11

What is a bureaucracy?

Answer 11

a body of government officials resposinble for administering the empire and ensures the laws are being kept

Question 12

What is the devshirme system?

Answer 12

a system by which the ottomans staffed their imperial bureaucracy with highly trained individuals, mostly enslaved people

Question 13

Who are janissaries?

Answer 13

elite soldiers elected into the devshirme system

Question 14

What is the Zamindar system?

Answer 14

Mughal empire’s system of collecting taxes

Question 15

Why did the South Asian population not fully trust their Mughal rulers?

Answer 15

Mughal rulers=muslim, South Asian population= hindu

Question 16

What did Christianity split into and why did they split? And what was this split called?

Answer 16

Eastern Orthodox in the east and Roman Catholic in the west, split because of leaders fighting over doctrines. Called the Great Schism of 1054

Question 17

How did the church put their wealth on display?

Answer 17

By creating complex buidings, paid for by indulgences

Question 18

What are indulgences?

Answer 18

pieces of paper that ‘freed you of sins’

Question 19

What is simony?

Answer 19

The practice of putting high churches up for sale

Question 20

Who was Matin Luther?

Answer 20

a catholic monk who didn’t believe in indulgences so he wrote the 95 thesis (complaints) and nailed them to a church door

Question 21

What helped Luther’s ideas spread around Europe so fast?

Answer 21

the printing press

Question 22

What was the catholic reformation?

Answer 22

the church realized that some of Luther’s ideas may be true and tossed out many of the corrupt practices

Question 23

What was the council of trent?

Answer 23

series of meetings that did the catholic reformation and reinforced old ideas like faith, salvation, biblical authority, and the church split

Question 24

Even though the Ottoman empire and the Safavid empires were both muslim what did they fight over?

Answer 24

who was the rightful successor to the prophet Muhammad

Question 25

Which form of Muslim was the Ottoman empire and what did they believe?

Answer 25

Sunni Muslim, meant anyone spiritualy qualified could be the ruler

Question 26

Which form of Muslim was the Safavid empire and what did they believe?

Answer 26

Shi’a, believed that the ruler had to be a blood relative of the prophet Muhammad

Question 27

What was Sikhism?

Answer 27

new belief system that blended elements of Hinduism and Islam