AP World Unit 3 Flashcards
What were gunpowder empires?
land-based, each was expanding geographically, main cause was gunpowder
Describe the Ottoman empire.
Islamic, founded after the Mongol empire died, grew rapidly because of dardanelles, and because of adoption and development of gunpowder weapons
Describe the Safavid Empire
the leader is Ismail who declared it a Shi’a muslim state, conflict between ottoman and mughal empires because they were the other form of muslim, also expanded because of gunpowder and took some territory from the ottoman empire
Describe the Mughal empire
replaced the Delhi sultanate, led by Babur, expanded military with gunpowder, Babur’s grandson, Akbar, a masterful administrator, most prosperous empire of the 1500’s
Describe the Qing Dynasty
established by Manchu, gunpowder!!, internal divisons broke the ming dynasty and brough the qing dynasty, the Manchu were NOT ethnically Han, uniike the ming dynasty before them
What were the four major empires during 1450-1750 and what did they clash over?
Qing Dynasty, Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Safavid Empire, they clashed over political and religious ideas
What was the Safavid-Mughal conflict?
a series of wars over Persian gulf, erupted because of religion (Shi’a vs Sunni)
What was the Songhai-Moroccan Conflict?
Morocco saw Songai’s weakness due to internal problems and wanted more control of the trade routes, morocco won because they had gunpowder
What does it mean to legitimize power?
refers to the methods the ruler uses to communicate to all their subjects
What does it mean to consolidate power?
measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups and claim it for him or herself
What is a bureaucracy?
a body of government officials resposinble for administering the empire and ensures the laws are being kept
What is the devshirme system?
a system by which the ottomans staffed their imperial bureaucracy with highly trained individuals, mostly enslaved people
Who are janissaries?
elite soldiers elected into the devshirme system
What is the Zamindar system?
Mughal empire’s system of collecting taxes
Why did the South Asian population not fully trust their Mughal rulers?
Mughal rulers=muslim, South Asian population= hindu
What did Christianity split into and why did they split? And what was this split called?
Eastern Orthodox in the east and Roman Catholic in the west, split because of leaders fighting over doctrines. Called the Great Schism of 1054
How did the church put their wealth on display?
By creating complex buidings, paid for by indulgences
What are indulgences?
pieces of paper that ‘freed you of sins’
What is simony?
The practice of putting high churches up for sale
Who was Matin Luther?
a catholic monk who didn’t believe in indulgences so he wrote the 95 thesis (complaints) and nailed them to a church door
What helped Luther’s ideas spread around Europe so fast?
the printing press
What was the catholic reformation?
the church realized that some of Luther’s ideas may be true and tossed out many of the corrupt practices
What was the council of trent?
series of meetings that did the catholic reformation and reinforced old ideas like faith, salvation, biblical authority, and the church split
Even though the Ottoman empire and the Safavid empires were both muslim what did they fight over?
who was the rightful successor to the prophet Muhammad
Which form of Muslim was the Ottoman empire and what did they believe?
Sunni Muslim, meant anyone spiritualy qualified could be the ruler
Which form of Muslim was the Safavid empire and what did they believe?
Shi’a, believed that the ruler had to be a blood relative of the prophet Muhammad
What was Sikhism?
new belief system that blended elements of Hinduism and Islam
