AP World 5.1-5.3

Question 1

What was the enlightenment?

Answer 1

an intellectual movement that applied new ways of understanding, such as nationalism, and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships

Question 2

what is rationalism?

Answer 2

reason, rather than emotion or any external authority, is the most reliable source of true knowledge

Question 3

What is empiricism?

Answer 3

the idea that true knowledge is gained through the senses, mainly through rigorous expieriementation

Question 4

Why did enlightenment thinkers have a problem with Christianity?

Answer 4

Because the ccommands in the bible could not be questioned so they shifted authority to humans

Question 5

What is Deism?

Answer 5

very popular with enlightenment thinkers, believed that God created everything and then left and no longer intervenes

Question 6

What is Atheism?

Answer 6

rejection of any religious belief and divine beings (God)

Question 7

What is individualism?

Answer 7

most basic element of society= individual human NOT groups, so progress of an individual was key

Question 8

What are natural rights?

Answer 8

all individuals are born with certain rights (life, liberty, property, etc) that are given by God so cannot be taken away

Question 9

What is social contract?

Answer 9

human societies must make governments of their own will to protect their natural rights, if the gov. is bad they are allowed to overthrow

Question 10

What is nationalism?

Answer 10

a sense of commonality among a people based on shared language, religion, social customs, and often linked with desire for territory

Question 11

What is popular sovereignty?

Answer 11

power to govern in hands of the people

Question 12

what is democracy?

Answer 12

the right to vote and influence policies of the government

Question 13

What is liberalism?

Answer 13

protection of civil rights, representative government the protection of private property and economic freedom

Question 14

Describe the American Revolution

Answer 14

The British had control over the 13 colonies but Britain was so far away so the colones independtly developed their own culture, government, economics, etc, after the 7 years war Britain tried to make Aemrica help pay off their debt so they inceased the taxes which angered the colonies and the french helped and the revolution was successful

Question 15

How did the American Revolution help future revolutions?

Answer 15

It provided the ‘template’ so other countries can also succeed and win their independence

Question 16

Describe the French Revolution

Answer 16

Inspired by the american revolution, Louis the 16th tried to tighten his control because he had debt but the people rebelled and overthrew him and established a republic

Question 17

Describe the Haitian Revolution

Answer 17

owned by France and was the most prosperous colony in the world, inspired by watching the French revolution succeed, the enslaved Haitians revolted and succeeded!

Question 18

Describe the Latin American revolutions

Answer 18

inspired by enlightenment ideas and resented the increasing control over them, mostly creoles didn’t like being beneath the peninsulares in the caste system, Napoleans invasion of spain made it unstable enough for the revolutions. they succeeded one at a time and created republics

Question 19

What is the difference between creoles and peninsulares?

Answer 19

Creoles= people born in americas with european heritage
Peninsulares= people born in europe with european heritage

Question 20

What do the Letter to Jamaica, Declaration of Independence, Rights of Man all have in common?

Answer 20

All include rights to self-rule, ideas about enlightenment ideas and popular soveriegnty

Question 21

What was the industrial Revolution?

Answer 21

the process by which states transitioned from primarily agricultural economies to industrial economies, transition from goods being hand-made to goods being machine-made

Question 22

Where and when did the industrial revolution start?

Answer 22

Great Britain in 175p

Question 23

What is the steam engine and how did effect the spread of industrialization?

Answer 23

a machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy, rapidly increased the spread of industrialization, the first factories were water powered so they had to be by water but now with the steam engine they could be basically anywhere

Question 24

What are the factors that increase industrialization?

Answer 24

proximity to waterways, geographical disrtibution of coal and iron, access to foreign resources from many countries, improved agriculture productivity

Question 25

Describe industrialization in France

Answer 25

adopted industrial technologies but at a slower pace because they lacked coal and iron, even though they adapted slowely this meant they were able to avoid the intense social upheavals that Britain expierienced because of their rapid change

Question 26

Describe industrialization in the US

Answer 26

after the civil war ended industrialization spread very fast, possessed almost all of the same factors that great britain had, economy became very prosperous

Question 27

Industrialization in Russia

Answer 27

under the rule of a dictator who realized they needed to industrialize asap so they didn’t get left behind, adopted industrial technologies like the steam-engine and railroads, caught them up but caused harsh working conditions which led to the russian revolution

Question 28

Where did the Trans-Siberian railroad go to?

Answer 28

From Moscow (russia) to the Pacific Ocean which led to an increase of trade in eastern states

Question 29

Describe industrialization in Japan

Answer 29

Meiji restoration, quickly became very industrialized and powerful