AP World 5.1-5.3 Flashcards
What was the enlightenment?
an intellectual movement that applied new ways of understanding, such as nationalism, and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships
what is rationalism?
reason, rather than emotion or any external authority, is the most reliable source of true knowledge
What is empiricism?
the idea that true knowledge is gained through the senses, mainly through rigorous expieriementation
Why did enlightenment thinkers have a problem with Christianity?
Because the ccommands in the bible could not be questioned so they shifted authority to humans
What is Deism?
very popular with enlightenment thinkers, believed that God created everything and then left and no longer intervenes
What is Atheism?
rejection of any religious belief and divine beings (God)
What is individualism?
most basic element of society= individual human NOT groups, so progress of an individual was key
What are natural rights?
all individuals are born with certain rights (life, liberty, property, etc) that are given by God so cannot be taken away
What is social contract?
human societies must make governments of their own will to protect their natural rights, if the gov. is bad they are allowed to overthrow
What is nationalism?
a sense of commonality among a people based on shared language, religion, social customs, and often linked with desire for territory
What is popular sovereignty?
power to govern in hands of the people
what is democracy?
the right to vote and influence policies of the government
What is liberalism?
protection of civil rights, representative government the protection of private property and economic freedom
Describe the American Revolution
The British had control over the 13 colonies but Britain was so far away so the colones independtly developed their own culture, government, economics, etc, after the 7 years war Britain tried to make Aemrica help pay off their debt so they inceased the taxes which angered the colonies and the french helped and the revolution was successful
How did the American Revolution help future revolutions?
It provided the ‘template’ so other countries can also succeed and win their independence
Describe the French Revolution
Inspired by the american revolution, Louis the 16th tried to tighten his control because he had debt but the people rebelled and overthrew him and established a republic
Describe the Haitian Revolution
owned by France and was the most prosperous colony in the world, inspired by watching the French revolution succeed, the enslaved Haitians revolted and succeeded!
Describe the Latin American revolutions
inspired by enlightenment ideas and resented the increasing control over them, mostly creoles didn’t like being beneath the peninsulares in the caste system, Napoleans invasion of spain made it unstable enough for the revolutions. they succeeded one at a time and created republics
What is the difference between creoles and peninsulares?
Creoles= people born in americas with european heritage
Peninsulares= people born in europe with european heritage
What do the Letter to Jamaica, Declaration of Independence, Rights of Man all have in common?
All include rights to self-rule, ideas about enlightenment ideas and popular soveriegnty
What was the industrial Revolution?
the process by which states transitioned from primarily agricultural economies to industrial economies, transition from goods being hand-made to goods being machine-made
Where and when did the industrial revolution start?
Great Britain in 175p
What is the steam engine and how did effect the spread of industrialization?
a machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy, rapidly increased the spread of industrialization, the first factories were water powered so they had to be by water but now with the steam engine they could be basically anywhere
What are the factors that increase industrialization?
proximity to waterways, geographical disrtibution of coal and iron, access to foreign resources from many countries, improved agriculture productivity
Describe industrialization in France
adopted industrial technologies but at a slower pace because they lacked coal and iron, even though they adapted slowely this meant they were able to avoid the intense social upheavals that Britain expierienced because of their rapid change
Describe industrialization in the US
after the civil war ended industrialization spread very fast, possessed almost all of the same factors that great britain had, economy became very prosperous
Industrialization in Russia
under the rule of a dictator who realized they needed to industrialize asap so they didn’t get left behind, adopted industrial technologies like the steam-engine and railroads, caught them up but caused harsh working conditions which led to the russian revolution
Where did the Trans-Siberian railroad go to?
From Moscow (russia) to the Pacific Ocean which led to an increase of trade in eastern states
Describe industrialization in Japan
Meiji restoration, quickly became very industrialized and powerful
