AP World 1.2-1.6 Flashcards
Describe Judiasm
Monotheistic, ethnic religion of the jews, originated in Middle East
What is Dar-al-Islam?
Means “house of Islam” (anywhere where Islam was majority or the spread of Islam to many parts of the world)
Describe Christianity
monotheistic, established by a Jew (jesus)
Describe Islam
founded by Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula
What were the Islamic doctrines?
salvation is found in almsgiving, prayer, and tasting
After the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate what happened?
Turkic Muslims started to come in and set up new rival empires
Who were the three main Turkic Muslim empires that arose after the fall of Abbasid Caliphate?
Seljuk Turks (Central Asia), Mamluk Sultanate (Egypt), Delhi Sultanate (South Asia)
What are the three main ways Islam spread?
Military expansion, merchant activity (trade), and Muslim Missionaires
What were the three main belief systems in Southeast Asia (1200-1450)?
Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism
What was the dominent religion in South Asia/India?
Hinduism- polythietisc, goal is to reunite their souls to Brahman, provided conditions for unified culture in India, caste system
Describe Buddhism
founded in India, equality for all, universalizing religion, more likely to spread
What was a major change to Hindusim?
Bhakti movement- one god, no hierarchy, equality/welcome
What was a major change to Islam?
Sufism- more mystical/spirtiual
What was a major change to Buddhism?
Became more exlusive, mostly only avaiiable to Monks
What is the difference between a sea-based empire and a land-based empire?
Whether they get their power from the land and the sea
What was the Aztec empire like?
established by the Mexico Ethnic group, decentralized power, tributary system (forced neighboring or local city states to pay tribute like resources or human sacrifice and failure to do so resulted in invasion from the Aztecs), religious motivation for expansion
What were Andean civilizations?
Households in the Incan empire
What was the Inca Empire like?
centralized power, massive bureaucracy, required labor for everyone to work on state projects (Mita)
What was the Mita system?
Incan empire - labor expected that the citizens in the Incan empire do
Who were the Great Sun?
Powerful chiefs who dominated the political structure of North American civilizations, extended political power over smaller settlements
What was the Swahili civilization like?
Merchants wanted gold, ivory, timber, slaves, Islam bcame the dominent belief system and influenced the language, hierarchical
How did Great Zimbabwe become wealthy?
got rich from the Indian Ocean trade, mainly exported gold but also bread and butter
What were the Hausa Kingdoms?
city-states that were politcally independent and gained power and wealth through trade across the trans-saharan network)
All African states adopted _______ to organize their societies and faciliate trade EXCEPT ________ who was Christian
Islam, Ethiopa
What was the dominent religion in Europe?
Christianity- became the official state religion through Roman empire
What religions were important minorities in Europe?
Islam and Judiasm
What was western Europe like?
social, political, and economic order was organized by feudalism
What is feudalism?
a system of allegiances between powerful lords, monarchs, and kings
What is manorialism?
peasants were bound to land and worked in it in exchange for protection from the lord and his military forces
What are serfs?
slaves basically
What caused constant conflicts over power in Europe?
Monarchs in various states began to gain power and centralize their states with large militaries and bureaucracies
