AP World 4.4-4.5

Question 1

What were the three major motivations for establishing empires in sea based areas?

Answer 1

Gold (to enrich themselves), God (spread christianity), be the greatest state (glory)

Question 2

Describe the establishment of the portuaguese maritime empire

Answer 2

First to establish a trading post empire, able to do this because merchant ships didn’t have a lot of guns so they filled their ships with a lot of guns so they could gain power, after they wanted to control it with force

Question 3

Describe the establishment of the Spanish maritime empire

Answer 3

set up base operations in the phillipines, established full-blown colonies in the americas through tribute systems, taxation, and coerced labor

Question 4

Describe the establishment of the Dutch maritime empire

Answer 4

with their dutch fluyts, they took over the portuguese and became the ‘kings’ , like the portuguese they used force to own and control territory

Question 5

Describe the establishment of the British maritime empire

Answer 5

wanted India but didn’t have the power to take it from the Mughal empire,set up a few trading posts along the coast of the Mughal empire (which eventually turned into colonies)

Question 6

Who are Gujaratis and what did they do?

Answer 6

they are long established merchants in the Mughal empire who continued to use the Indian Ocean Trade even while Europeans sought to dominate it, and in doing so they increased their power and wealth

Question 7

What is Tokygawa in Japan?

Answer 7

lots of people in Japan had converted to christianity so the ruler abolished it and suppressed the people

Question 8

What was Zheng He’s goal for Ming China and what was the result?

Answer 8

make sure most of the trade in the Indian Ocean Trade Network was processed through the Chinese state, this resulted in no more sea-based trade in China

Question 9

What is the Asante Empire?

Answer 9

In West Africa. key trading partner with the portuguese and british by providing gold, ivory, and enslaved laborers, became super rich so they could expand their military, which they later used to repel the British

Question 10

What was the economy structure based on in the Americas (1450-1750)?

Answer 10

agriculture

Question 11

What is chattel slavery?

Answer 11

chattel=property, meant the slaves were owned, race-based and heridetary

Question 12

What is indentured servitude?

Answer 12

contracts that bound slaves to work for an amount of time

Question 13

What is the encomienda system?

Answer 13

in Spain, forced indigenous americans to work for colonial authorities, focused on population

Question 14

What is the hacienda system?

Answer 14

in spain, very similar to the encomienda system but more focused on economics of food export

Question 15

What are haciendas?

Answer 15

large agricultural states owned by elite Spaniards and on where indigenous laborers were forced to work the fields, whose crops were exported and sold on a global market

Question 16

What is mercantilism?

Answer 16

a state driven economic system that ephasizes the buildup of mineral wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade (the world is a pie and everyone wants the most for themselves and the least fro everyone else)

Question 17

Why was mercantilism a powerful motivation for establishing and growing empires?

Answer 17

once a colony was established it created a closed market to purchase exports

Question 18

What are joint-stock companies?

Answer 18

limited liabilty business often chartered by the state, which was funded by a group of investors, gov. approved business and granted trade monopolies but it was privately funded

Question 19

What was the relationship between merchants and the state?

Answer 19

The state used merchants to expand its influence in far off lands while merchants relied on the state to keep their interests and activity safe while granting them monopolies to trade and this arrangement led to expanding empires

Question 20

What is the Dutch East India company?

Answer 20

chartered by the Dutch state who subsequentely granted the company a monopoly on trade in the Indian Ocean, the company’s investors became exceedinly rich and the dutch was able to expand their power and inflence across the indian ocean

Question 21

What was the Atlantic system and what did it lead to?

Answer 21

the movement of goods, wealth, and laborers beetween east and west, led to the importance of sugar

Question 22

Who are artisans?

Answer 22

skilled laborers who made goods by hand

Question 23

What is polygyny?

Answer 23

When a man marries more than one woman

Question 24

What are creole languages?

Answer 24

mixed languages