Ap psych un 4 (4.4-4.7b)

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

an individuals charateristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 2

psychodynamic theories

Answer 2

theories that view personailty with a focus on the unconcious mind and the importance of childhood expirences

Question 3

psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconcious motives and actions; the technnique used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconcious tension

Question 4

unconcious

Answer 4

resvior of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories (modern day it refers to information processing we aren’t aware of)

Question 5

free association (psychoanalytic)

Answer 5

method of exploring the unconsious in whcih the person relaxes and says whatever comes to their mind no matter what it is

Question 6

Id

Answer 6

psychic unconcious eneergy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives (focus on the present want not the future consequence) (worst part of yourself)

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

partly conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates between the id, superego, and reality aiming to satisfy the self without causing trouble

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

part concious part of personality that represents internalized ideals and standards for judgement and for future asipirations

Question 9

defense mechanisms

Answer 9

ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality

Question 10

repression

Answer 10

basic defense mechanism that banishes concious anxiety (UNDERLIES ALL DEFENSE MECHANISMS)

Question 11

regression

Answer 11

retreating to younger self (sleeping with a baby blanket)

Question 12

reaction formation

Answer 12

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites (laughing when you want to cry)`

Question 13

projection

Answer 13

disguising ones own threatening impuluses by attributing it to others

Question 14

displacment

Answer 14

taken out you emotions on someone or something else

Question 15

sublimation

Answer 15

transferring unacceptable impulses to socially valued motives (my mom died of cancer and i want to kill the stupid doctors but instead i am going to find the cure)

Question 16

collective unconscious

Answer 16

(carl jung) shared, inherited memory traces from our species histroy (shared dispositions)

Question 17

terror management theory

Answer 17

theory of dedath realted anxiety; explors peoples emtions and behavioral responses to reminders of death can lead them to live a healthier life

Question 18

projective test

Answer 18

personality test that pprovides ambigious images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynmanics and explore unconcious mind

Question 19

Thematic Apprcepetion test (TAT) (projective test)

Answer 19

people express inner feelings and intrests over stories they make up about ambigious scenes

Question 20

Rorschach inkblot test (projective test)

Answer 20

identifies ones inner feelings by having someone analyze ten ink blot tests

Question 21

humanistic theories

Answer 21

theories that view personality with a focus on potential for healthy personal needs

Question 22

self-actualization

Answer 22

living up to ones full potential

Question 23

unconditional postive regard

Answer 23

caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitudes

loving someone for them not based on conditions

Question 24

trait

Answer 24

characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act in certain ways as ssased by slef report inventories (describes behavior but does not explain it)

Question 25

factor analysis

Answer 25

stat procedure that identifies clusters (factors) of test items that tap basic components of traits (a+b+c+d= an introverted person)

Question 26

personality inventory

Answer 26

questionaires on which people repsond to items designated to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors: used to assess select personality traits (several at once)

Question 27

Minnesota Multiphasic personailty inventory (MMPI)

Answer 27

originally developed to identify emotinal disorders (still used for that), but the test is now used for many other screening processes

Question 28

empirically deprived test

Answer 28

test (such as MMPI) created by selecting from a poool of items those that discrimintate between groups

Question 29

Big five

Answer 29

-Openness - Conscientiousness - Extraversion - Agreeableness -Neuroticism

Question 30

social congnitive perspective

Answer 30

view of behavior as infleunced by the interactions between peoples traits (including their thinking) and social context

Question 31

behavior approach

Answer 31

focuses on effects of leanring on personality

Question 32

reciprocal determinism

Answer 32

interacting infleucnes of behavior, internal cognition, and enviroment

Question 33

self

Answer 33

in modern psych. assumed to be center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 34

spotlight effect

Answer 34

overestimating others noticing of ourselves

Question 35

self esteem

Answer 35

our feelings of self worth ("i am")

Question 36

self efficacy

Answer 36

our sense of competence and effectivness ("i can")

Question 37

self serving bias

Answer 37

readiness to percieve ourselves favorably - people accept more responisbilty for their successes than their failures

Question 38

narcissism

Answer 38

inflated sense of self love and self absorption

Question 39

motivation

Answer 39

a need/desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 40

physiological needs

Answer 40

a basic boidly requirement

Question 41

instinct

Answer 41

complex and unlearned behavior throughout a species

Question 42

drive reduction theory

Answer 42

physiological needs creat an arousal state (a drive) that motivate organisms to satisfy a need -striving for homeostatsis

Question 43

incentive theory

Answer 43

motivation as a result of getitng a reward or avoiding a punishment

Question 44

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 44

moderate arousal leds to optimal preformance (not to high and not to low)

Question 45

affiliation need

Answer 45

need to build and maintain relationships and feel a part of a group

Question 46

self-determination theory

Answer 46

we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy (personal control), and relatedness (connection)

Question 47

intrinsic motivation

Answer 47

doing something just because you like doing it

Question 48

extrinsic motivation

Answer 48

doing somethig to revieve a reward or avoid punishment