Ap Psych Unit four Flashcards
Person perception
how we form impressions of ourselves and others, including attributions of behavior
attribution theory
theory that we explain someone’s behavior by creditiing either situation or the person’s traits
fundemental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing other behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of a persons disposition
action observer bias
the tendency for those acting in a situation to attribute their behavior to external causes, while observers attribute behavior to internal causes
prejudice
an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude to a group and its memebers. Generally invovled negative emotions, stereotyped beliefs, and predisposition to discriminatory action
stereotypes
a generalization (some times accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people
discriminate
unjustifiable negative behavior to a group and its members
- can be obvious or shown through micro aggressions
just-world phenomenon
tendency for people to believe the world. is just and that people. therefore deserve what they get and get what they deserve
social identity
the “we” aspect of our self concept, the group you belong to
ingroup
“us” people with whom we share a common identity with
outgroup
“them” those that are different/not a part of our ingroup
ingroup bias
tendency to favor our own group (“we” are better than “them”)
scapegoat theory
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame (Covid being the “Chinese virus”)
other-race effect
tendency to recall faces of ones own race more than faces of other races
attitudes
feelings, often influenced by our beleifs, that predispose us to repond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
foot in door phenomon
tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply with a later larger request
role
set of norms about a social position, definin how those in that postion should behave
cognitive dissonance theory
theory that we act to reduce the discmofort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitive) are inconsistent
(I hate cheating but I cheated on a math test ONLY BC the teacher was bad)
central route persuasion
occurs when intrested peopls thinking is infleunced by considering evidence and argument
peripheral route persuasion
occurs when people are influenced by incidental (indirect) cues like a speakers attractivness
conformity
adjusting our behavior/thinking to coincide with group standards
Norms
society’s understood rules for accpeted and expected behavior
informative social influence
influence resulting from a persons willingness to accpect others’ opinions about reality
normative social influence
infuelnce resulting from a persons desire to gain apporval and avoid disapporval
- we need to belong
