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2024-2025 study tools > Ap Government Unit one > Flashcards

Ap Government Unit one Flashcards

1
Q

issue

A

conflict between citizens with different beliefs

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2
Q

politics

A

discussing, negotiating, arguing, using force, persuading people to agitate or solve conflict

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3
Q

authority

A

the right to use power

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3
Q

power

A

a person getting someone to act in accordance to the first persons wishes

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4
Q

elite

A

an identifiable group who has a disproportionate share of some valued source (political power)

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5
Q

class view

A

wealthy run everything (economists, capitalists)

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6
Q

power elite view

A

business men, military, labor unions, or by people with private power that don’t directly hold office run the government

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7
Q

bureaucratic view

A

appointed bureaucrats run everything

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8
Q

pluralist view

A

political resources (money, media, expertise) is so spread out no one person/group can control the governemnt

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9
Q

creedal passion view

A

the morally impassioned elite drive change

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10
Q

political agenda

A

problems people think require the government

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11
Q

benefit

A

the satisfaction the people believe they will get if a policy is adopted

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12
Q

cost

A

the burden the people must bear/believe they bear if a policy is adopted

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13
Q

majoritarian politics

A

politics where almost everyone benefits and almost everyone pays (social security)
- interest groups aren’t as needed here because you benefit even if you do nothing
- CONFLICTS come from ideology and costs rather than interests (how MUCH)

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14
Q

intrest group politics

A

a policy where one small group benefits and another small group pays
- these policies are fought hard by both sides because the outcome is really effective
-public usually remains uninformed unless the issue passes into a law

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15
Q

client politics

A

a policy where one small group benefits but almost everyone pays (clients of the government)
- because a small group benefits they will organize to fight for it
- because everyone pays the cost is spread out and people who pay it may not be aware or may not even care

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16
Q

log-rolling

A

a legislator supports a proposal favored by another in return for his/her support

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17
Q

entrepreneurial politics

A

a policy where almost everyone benefits and a small group pays
– these policies are rarely passed because interests groups )determined minority) can fight to prevent it from happening and beneficiaries may not care enough to fight back

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18
Q

policy entrepreneurs

A

people who work outside of the government to represent the unorganized majority
- do this so that the minority determination is matched by the majority which therefore will pass entrepreneurial policies

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19
Q

New Jersey plan

A

proposal to create a weak national government
- unicameral legislature
- equal representation among states
- elected to congress by states
-national judiciary chooses by executive
-congress has powers regulating commerce and taxing

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19
Q

shays rebellion

A

1787 a group of ex-revolutionary soldiers with debt and high taxes feared losing porpeprtu to creditors forcibly prevented courts in Wester MA from sitting

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20
Q

Virginia plan

A

proposal to create a strong national government
- bicameral legislature
- representations based on population
- at least one house was elected to congress by the people
-national legislature has supreme power on certain matters

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21
Q

great compromise

A

combines the VA plan and NJ plan
- two houses (senate for the small states) and House of Representatives (for the big states)
- one executive chooses by electoral college
- national judiciary chooses by president with advice and consent of the senate
- all bills originate in the House

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22
Q

judicial review

A

power of Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional (limited power of majority)

22
Q

republic

A

a government in which elected representatives make decisions

23
Q

federalism

A

political authority is shared by national government and local government

24
Q

enumerated powers

A

powers given to only the national government

25
Q

reserved powers

A

powers given to the states

26
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by state and national government

27
Q

habeas corpus

A

aan order to produce an arrested person before a judge

28
Q

ex post facto law

A

a law that makes an act criminal even though it was legal during the time it was committed

29
Q

sovereignty

A

the ultimate authority in a political system
- a sovereign government means a government not reliant on other governments

30
Q

unitary system of government

A

the central government holds all the power

31
Q

confederal system of government

A

the central government only can do what state government permits it to do

32
Q

federal system of government

A

national government is supreme in some cases and the state government is supreme in others

33
Q

“necessary and proper” clause

A

section of the constitution giving congress the power to pass laws the deem “necessary and proper” to its duties not specifically mentioned in the constitution

34
Q

dual federalism

A

that both state and federal governments are supreme ONLY in their spheres and the spheres are separate

35
Q

cooperative federalism

A

federal and state governments share power in some areas

36
Q

laboratories of democracy

A

different states can implement different policies and the successful ones spread

37
Q

initiative

A

process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot (state)

38
Q

referendum

A

procedure that enables voters to reject a matter passed by the legislature (state)

39
Q

recall

A

process where voters can remove an elected official (state)

40
Q

grants-in-aid

A

money given by the national government to states

41
Q

conditions of aid

A

terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to get certain federal funds

42
Q

mandates

A

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

42
Q

devolution

A

the transfer of power from national government to state and local government

43
Q

revenue sharing

A

the federal government gives money to state and local government to use for their own needs wit few restrictions

44
Q

block grant

A

consolidated categorical grants into one big grant to a general purpose with few restrictions

44
Q

categorical grants

A

federal grants for specific purposes, usually require state to match some part of the grant, usually with rules

45
Q

10th amendment

A

any powers not given to congress or prohibited by states are reserved powers

46
Q

14th amendment

A

granted citizenship to all persons born/naturalized in the U.S (due process and equal protection)

47
Q

supremacy clause

A

constitution is supreme to any other laws and everyone is bound by it

48
Q

political culture

A

a patterned and sustained way of thinking about how political and economic life out to be carried out

48
Q

civic duty

A

one has the obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

49
Q

civiv competence

A

a belief that one can affect government policy

50
Q

class consciousness

A

a belief that one is a member of an economic group whose interests are opposed to people own other such groups
- lack of this in America

50
Q

orthodox cultural view

A

a belief that morality and religion out to be of decisive importance
- things are unchaining no matter personal preference

51
Q

progressive cultural view

A

a belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
- there are complex and changing circumstances and are dependent on personal preference

2024-2025 study tools (6 decks)

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