AP Gov Ch.9 Jeron Tainatongo Flashcards
lame duck
executive / legislature during the period just before the end of a term of office.
A lame duck occurs when the power and influence are considered to be diminished.
jurisdiction
authority vested in a particular court to hear issues in a particular case.
Jurisdiction is also used to make a decision on a issue.
original jurisdiction
jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial.
The original jurisdiction usually sees the courts determine the facts of a case.
appellate jurisdiction
power vested in particular courts to review the decision of a lower court.
The appellate jurisdiction also allows for the court to revise the decision.
Federalist No. 78
federalist papers essay authored by Hamilton that covers the role of the federal judiciary.
Federalist No. 78 also includes the power of the judicial review.
Judiciary Act of 1789
act that established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.
In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress set the size of the Supreme Court at six.
John Jay
member of the founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the U.S.
John Jay was a diplomat and a co-author of The Federalist Papers.
Whiskey Rebellion
civil insurrection in 1794 that was put down by military force by President George Washington.
The Whiskey Rebellion confirmed the power of the new national government.
Chisholm v Georgia
Supreme Court case that allowed U.S. citizens to bring a lawsuit against states in which they didn’t reside
Chisholm v Georgia was overturned by the Eleventh Amendment in 1789.
Eleventh Amendment
amendment that protected states from being sued in federal court by a citizen of a different state / country
The Eleventh Amendment was adopted in 1789.
John Marshall
longest-serving Supreme Court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801-1835.
Marshall’s decision in Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review in the U.S.
judicial review
power of the courts to review acts of other branches of government and the states
The Marshall Court had claimed the right of the judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison
case which the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by finding that part of the congressional statue extending the court’s original jurisdiction was unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison ended in favor of James Madison.
trial court
court of original jurisdiction
The trial court had been where the cases had begun.
appellate court
court that reviews only finding of law made by lower courts.
The appellate court is the middle of the judiciary system in the U.S.