AP Gov CH.3 Jeron Tainatongo Flashcards
confederation
gov in which the national gov derives its power from the states.
Iroquois Confederation
political alliance of American Indian tribes that featured aspects of the federal system of gov adapted by the Framers.
monarchy
gov in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the society.
totalitarianism
gov in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties.
oligarchy
gov in which rights to participate depends on the possession of wealth,social status, military position, or achievement.
democracy
system of gov that gives power to the people.
federal system
system of gov in which the national and state gov s share power and derive all authority from the people.
unitary system
system of gov in which the local and regional govs derive all authority from a strong national gov.
enumerated powers
powers of the national gov specially granted to Congress in Article I, sec 8 of the Constitution.
implied powers
powers of the national gov derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.
Tenth Amendment
final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principles of American Federalism.
reserved powers
powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national and state govs
bill of attainder
law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
ex post facto law
law that makes an act punishable as a crime
full faith and credit clause
ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any state.
privileges and immunities
guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states .
extradition clause
requires states to extradite criminals to states to extradite criminals to states they’ve been convicted
interstate compacts
contract between states that carry the force of law.
Dillon’s Rule
premise which states that local govs don’t have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state govs that can create/abolish them.
charter
document that specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local gov.
counties
basic administrative units of local gov.
municipalities
city govs created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated function.
special district
local gov that’s restricted t a particular function.
John Marshall
longest serving Supreme Court Chief Justice who’s choose in Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review in the U.S.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court upheld the power of the national gov and denied the right of state to tax the federal bank.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.
Barron v. Baltimore
Supreme Court ruling that limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal gov and not the states.
Roger B. Taney
Supreme Court Chief Justice who supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era.
dual federalism
belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of gov is the best arrangement.
nullification
belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law.
John C. Calhoun
politician and political theorist who supported slavery and states’ right in the pre-Civil War era and served as vice president from 1825 to 1832.
Dred Scott v Sandford
Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship right to enslaved African Americans.
Civil War
conflict between 1861 -1865 between Northern forces of the Union and Southern forces of the Confederacy.
Abraham Lincoln
16th president of the U.S. and the first elected Republican president who served from 1861-1865.
secession
unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within the country.
Confederate State of America
political system created by the 11 states that seceded from the Union during Civil War.
Reconstruction
period from 1865-1877 in which the U.S. military occupied and dominated the former states of Confederacy.
Andrew Johnson
17th president of the U.S. who served as a Republican president from 1865-1869.
Sixteenth Amendment
authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.
Seventeenth Amendment
made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislatures.
Calvin Coolidge
republican 13th president that served from 1923-1929.
Herbert Hoover
31st president who served from 1929-1933 during the Great Depression.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd president who served from 1933-1945 and his leadership took the U.S. through the Great Depression and WWII
New Deal
started by Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression.
cooperative federalism
relationship between national,state, and local govs that began with the New Deal.
progressive federalism
approach to federalism that views relations between national & state gov as both coercive and cooperative.
Barack Obama
first African American president of the U.S. who served as the 44th president from 09-12.
categorical grant
appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose.
Lyndon B. Johnson
36th president of the U.S. who served fro 1964-1969 and he led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War.
Great Society
program begun in 1964 that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal.
Ronald Reagan
40th president of the U.S. who served from 1981 -1989 and led the nation through the end of the Cold War and led to a national shift toward political conservatism.
New Federalism
relationship proposed by the Reagan administration during the 1980’s.
block grant
grant given by the federal gov with only general spending guidelines.
programmatic requests
funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district.
