AP Gov CH.2 Jeron Tainatongo

Question 1

New World

Answer 1

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called the Americas, which was unknown to European before 1492..

Question 2

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 2

an inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1745.

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

The American phase of the Seven Years War, fought from 1754-1756.

Question 4

mercantilism

Answer 4

Economic theory designed to increase the nations wealth through the development of commercial industry.

Question 5

Samuel Adams

Answer 5

played a key role in developing the Committees of Corresponding and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics.

Question 6

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 6

gathering of 9 colonial representatives in 1765 in NY where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted.

Question 7

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 7

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutions.

Question 8

Crispus Attucks

Answer 8

an African American who was the first American to die in the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

Meeting in Philadelphia from September 5-October 26 1771, in which 56 delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts.

Question 10

Lexington and Concord

Answer 10

First sites of armed conflict between revolutionists and British soldiers in 1775

Question 11

Second Continental Congress

Answer 11

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, where it decided that an army should be raised and George Washington

Question 12

Thomas Paine

Answer 12

Writer of Common Sense, which advocated for independence from Great Britain

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

Challenged the authority of the British gov to govern the colonies.

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 14

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the U.S.; 3rd president of the U.S. from 1801-1809.

Question 15

Declaration of Independence

Answer 15

Doc drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.

Question 16

social contract theory

Answer 16

beliefs that gov exist based on the consent of the governed.

Question 17

political culture

Answer 17

Shared attitudes,behaviors, and core values about how gov should operate.

Question 18

Article of Confederation

Answer 18

Compact between the 13 original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national gov drawing its power from the states.

Question 19

Critical Period

Answer 19

Period from 1781-1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 20

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 20

Rebellion of farmers led by Danial Shays marched to Springfield and restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.

Question 21

Constitution Convention

Answer 21

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Question 22

George Washington

Answer 22

Commander of the revolutionary armies

Question 23

constitution

Answer 23

Document establishing the structure,function, and limitation of a government.

Question 24

Virginia Plan

Answer 24

Proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers.

Question 25

New Jersey Plan

Answer 25

Framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state.

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

Final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses.

Question 27

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 27

Agreement that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purpose of determining population for representation.

Question 28

Electoral College

Answer 28

System where the president is chosen by the electors from each state.

Question 29

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 29

Framer who envisioned a powerful central gov., and served as the first Secretary of the Treasure.

Question 30

Montesquieu

Answer 30

French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 31

federalism

Answer 31

The distribution of constitutional authority between state government and the national government with different powers and functions exercised by both.

Question 32

separation of powers

Answer 32

A way of dividing the powers of government among the legislative,executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.

Question 33

checks and balances

Answer 33

a constitutional mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of gov some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others.

Question 34

Article I

Answer 34

Vest all legislative powers in the Congress and established in bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Question 35

enumerated powers

Answer 35

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 36

necessary and proper clause

Answer 36

Final paragraph of Article I,section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution.

Question 37

implied powers

Answer 37

the powers of the national gov derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.

Question 38

Article II

Answer 38

Vests the executive power in a president of the U.S.; section 1 sets the president’s term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removal from office.

Question 39

inherent powers

Answer 39

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution.

Question 40

Article III

Answer 40

Establishes the Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction.

Question 41

Article IV

Answer 41

Mandates that states honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states.

Question 42

full faith and credit clause

Answer 42

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

Question 43

Article V

Answer 43

Specifies how amendments can be added to the Constitution.

Question 44

Article VI

Answer 44

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basics primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions.

Question 45

supremacy clause

Answer 45

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.

Question 46

Federalists

Answer 46

Those who favored a stronger national gov and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party.

Question 47

Anti-Federalists

Answer 47

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 48

James Madison

Answer 48

A key Framer often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government.

Question 49

John Jay

Answer 49

Member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the U.S.

Question 50

The Federalist Papers

Answer 50

A series of 85 political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 51

Bill of Rights

Answer 51

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.