AP Gov Ch 12 Jeron Tainatongo Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson
principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice pres. of the U.S.
Donald Trump
forty-fifth president of the U.S.; first president elected without prior political or military experience
Hillary Clinton
first female major party candidate for the pres. of the US. who ran against Trump in 2016.
electorate
the citizens eligible to vote
mandate
a command for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda
primary election
voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election
closed primary
primary election in which only a party’s registered votes are eligible to cast a ballot
open primary
primary election in which party members,independents, and members of the other party are allowed to participate
crossover voting
participating in the primary election of a party with which the voter isn’t affiliated
runoff primary
a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary
general election
voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices
initiative
elections that allows citizens to propose legislation submits proposed legislation by submitting them
referendum
election whereby the state legislature to the voters for approval
recall
election where voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next election
electoral ccollege
representation of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president
elector
member of the electoral college
reapportionment
relocation of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census
incumbancy
already holding an office
presidential coattails
when presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party
Barack Obama
first African American pres of the U.S. who served as the 44th president
mid-term election
election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term
campaign manager
individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign
financial chair
individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign
communications director
person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate
press secretary
individual charged with interacting and communication with journalists on a daily basis
campaign consultant
private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected
pollster
campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys
voter canvass
campaign reaches individual voters, by door-to-door solicitation or telephone
get-out-the-vote
push to encourage supporters to go to the polls
Bernie Sanders
longest running independent in the U.S. Congress and ran against Hilary Clinton in the 2016 election
positive ad
advertising that stresses the candidate’s qualification with no direct reference
negative ad
advertising attacking the opponent platform
contrast ad
ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias
inoculation ad
advertising attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched
FECA
law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising
FEC
regulates the campaign finance legislation in the U.S.
BCRA
amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions
Citizens United v. FEC
case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment
McCutcheon v. FEC
declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act unconstitutional
political action committee
represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates
527 political committee
primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes
501(c) group
interest groups whose purpose is not electoral politics
super PAC
political action committees established to make independent expenditures
independent expenditures
spending for campaign activity that isn’t coordinated with a candidate’s campaign
public funds
donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates
matching funds
donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than @251 is matched by the federal treasury
conventional political participation
attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion
unconventional political participation
attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures
turnout
proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot
retrospective judgment
evaluation of a candidate based on what they pledge to do`
prospective judgment
evaluation based on what they pledge to do about an issue
front-loading
tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar
Help America Vote Act
law that addresses issues of voting systems and voters access that were identified following the 2000 election
