AP Gov Ch 12 Jeron Tainatongo Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice pres. of the U.S.

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2
Q

Donald Trump

A

forty-fifth president of the U.S.; first president elected without prior political or military experience

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3
Q

Hillary Clinton

A

first female major party candidate for the pres. of the US. who ran against Trump in 2016.

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4
Q

electorate

A

the citizens eligible to vote

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5
Q

mandate

A

a command for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda

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6
Q

primary election

A

voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

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7
Q

closed primary

A

primary election in which only a party’s registered votes are eligible to cast a ballot

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8
Q

open primary

A

primary election in which party members,independents, and members of the other party are allowed to participate

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9
Q

crossover voting

A

participating in the primary election of a party with which the voter isn’t affiliated

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10
Q

runoff primary

A

a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

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11
Q

general election

A

voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

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12
Q

initiative

A

elections that allows citizens to propose legislation submits proposed legislation by submitting them

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13
Q

referendum

A

election whereby the state legislature to the voters for approval

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14
Q

recall

A

election where voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next election

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15
Q

electoral ccollege

A

representation of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

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16
Q

elector

A

member of the electoral college

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17
Q

reapportionment

A

relocation of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census

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18
Q

incumbancy

A

already holding an office

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19
Q

presidential coattails

A

when presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party

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20
Q

Barack Obama

A

first African American pres of the U.S. who served as the 44th president

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21
Q

mid-term election

A

election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term

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22
Q

campaign manager

A

individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign

23
Q

financial chair

A

individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

24
Q

communications director

A

person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

25
Q

press secretary

A

individual charged with interacting and communication with journalists on a daily basis

26
Q

campaign consultant

A

private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

27
Q

pollster

A

campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

28
Q

voter canvass

A

campaign reaches individual voters, by door-to-door solicitation or telephone

29
Q

get-out-the-vote

A

push to encourage supporters to go to the polls

30
Q

Bernie Sanders

A

longest running independent in the U.S. Congress and ran against Hilary Clinton in the 2016 election

31
Q

positive ad

A

advertising that stresses the candidate’s qualification with no direct reference

32
Q

negative ad

A

advertising attacking the opponent platform

33
Q

contrast ad

A

ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias

34
Q

inoculation ad

A

advertising attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

35
Q

FECA

A

law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising

36
Q

FEC

A

regulates the campaign finance legislation in the U.S.

37
Q

BCRA

A

amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions

38
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment

39
Q

McCutcheon v. FEC

A

declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act unconstitutional

40
Q

political action committee

A

represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates

41
Q

527 political committee

A

primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes

42
Q

501(c) group

A

interest groups whose purpose is not electoral politics

43
Q

super PAC

A

political action committees established to make independent expenditures

44
Q

independent expenditures

A

spending for campaign activity that isn’t coordinated with a candidate’s campaign

45
Q

public funds

A

donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

46
Q

matching funds

A

donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than @251 is matched by the federal treasury

47
Q

conventional political participation

A

attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion

48
Q

unconventional political participation

A

attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures

49
Q

turnout

A

proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

50
Q

retrospective judgment

A

evaluation of a candidate based on what they pledge to do`

51
Q

prospective judgment

A

evaluation based on what they pledge to do about an issue

52
Q

front-loading

A

tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

53
Q

Help America Vote Act

A

law that addresses issues of voting systems and voters access that were identified following the 2000 election